Ni izihe ngaruka zisigaye ku miti itatu yica udukoko (uruvange rwa pirimiphos-methyl, clothianidin na deltamethrin, na clothianidin yonyine) mu igerageza ryakorewe mu baturage benshi mu majyaruguru ya Benin, muri Afurika y'Iburengerazuba? | Ikinyamakuru Malariya

Intego y'ubu bushakashatsi kwari ugusuzuma akamaro gasigaye ko gutera imiti ya pirimiphos-methyl mu nzu mu buryo bunini, uruvange rwadeltamethrinena clothianidin, na clothianidin muri Alibori na Tonga, uduce twibasiwe na malariya mu majyaruguru ya Benin.
Mu gihe cy'imyaka itatu y'ubushakashatsi, hagaragaye ubudahangarwa bwa deltamethrin mu baturage bose. Ubudahangarwa cyangwa ubushobozi bwo kugaragara kwa benzodiazepine bwagaragaye. Ubudahangarwa bwuzuye bwa pirimiphos-methyl bwagaragaye mu 2019 na 2020, mu gihe Djugu, Gogonu, na Kandy byagaragaye mu 2021. Ubudahangarwa bwuzuye bwa clothianidin bwagaragaye nyuma y'iminsi 4-6. Ubudahangarwa bwa pirimiphos-methyl bwakomeje gukoreshwa mu gihe cy'amezi 4-5, mu gihe ubudahangarwa bwa pirimiphos-methyl n'uruvange rwa deltamethrin na clothianidin byakomeje gukoreshwa mu gihe cy'amezi 8-10. Ubushobozi bw'ibicuruzwa bitandukanye byageragejwe bwari hejuru gato ku nkuta za sima ugereranyije n'inkuta z'ibumba.
Muri rusange, Anopheles gambiae SL yibasirwa cyane na clothianidin ariko yagaragaje ko ishobora kurwanya/guhangana n’indi miti yica udukoko. Byongeye kandi, imikorere y’imiti yica udukoko ishingiye kuri clothianidin yari iruta iya pirimiphos-methyl, igaragaza ubushobozi bwayo bwo kugenzura neza kandi ku buryo burambye imiti yica udukoko irwanya pyrethroid.
Mu gupima uburyo bwo kurwanya indwara ya kanseri y’imiyoboro ya OMS n’iya cone, hakoreshejwe ubwoko bwa Anopheles gambiae sensu lato (sl) n’ubwoko bwa Anophoeles gambiae (Kisumu) bwo mu miryango itandukanye ya IRS.
Umuti wo gusunika udukoko twa Pyrifos-methyl ni umuti wica udukoko wagenwe mbere n'Ishami ry'Umuryango w'Abibumbye ryita ku Buzima mu gutera imiti mu nzu. Pyrifos-methyl 300 CS ni umuti wica udukoko wa organophosphorus ufite igipimo cya 1.0 g (AI) / m² cyo kugenzura imiyoboro ya malariya. Pyrifos-methyl ikora kuri acetylcholinesterase, igatera kwirundanya kwa acetylcholine mu gice cya synaptic iyo receptor ya acetylcholine ifunguye, bityo ikabuza ikwirakwira ry'imitsi no gutuma udukoko dupfa.
Gukoresha imiti yica udukoko irimo uburyo bushya bwo gukora, nka clothianidin, bishobora koroshya uburyo bwiza kandi burambye bwo kugenzura icyorezo cya malariya irwanya pyrethroid. Iyi miti yica udukoko ishobora kandi gufasha mu gucunga uburyo bwo kurwanya udukoko, hirindwa kwishingikiriza cyane ku miti ine gakondo ikoreshwa mu buzima rusange. Byongeye kandi, guhuza iyi miti n'imiti yica udukoko n'ubundi buryo bwo gukora nabyo bishobora kugabanya iterambere ry'uburyo bwo kurwanya.
Uburyo Anopheles gambiae complex ishobora kwanduza clothianidin bwasuzumwe mu 2021, mbere y’uko amabwiriza ya OMS atangazwa, hakoreshejwe uburyo bwakozwe na Sumitomo Chemical (SCC). Amabwiriza ya OMS ku buryo bwo gupima udukoko twose twemewe yashyizwe ahagaragara, yemerera ikigo gikorana na OMS Universiti Sains Malaysia muri Maleziya gutegura inyandiko ziterwa udukoko ku bipimo bitandukanye no kuzishyira mu bigo by’ubushakashatsi.[31] Ni muri 2021 gusa OMS yasohoye amabwiriza ku gupima udukoko twose twemewe kuri clothianidin.
Impapuro za Whatman zaciwemo ibice bifite ubugari bwa cm 12 na cm 15 z'uburebure, ziterwamo 13.2 mg y'ikintu gikora cya clothianidin hanyuma zikoreshwa mu gupima mu masaha 24 uhereye igihe zatewe.
Imiterere y'ububabare bw'imibu yakoreweho ubushakashatsi yagenwe hakurikijwe ibipimo bya OMS:
Ibipimo bine byizweho: urugero rw'ubukana bw'udukoko twa Anopheles gambiae two muri ako gace bwo kwangirika n'umuti wica udukoko, ingaruka zo kugwa cyangwa urupfu ako kanya mu minota 30, urupfu rutinda gutinda n'ingaruka zisigaye.
Amakuru yakoreshejwe cyangwa yasesenguwe muri ubu bushakashatsi araboneka ku mwanditsi ubisabye mu buryo bwumvikana.