Ni ibihe bibazo by’ubucuruzi bw’ubuhinzi hagati y’Ubushinwa n’ibihugu bya LAC?

I. Incamake y'ubucuruzi bw'ubuhinzi hagati y'Ubushinwa n'ibihugu bya LAC kuva byinjira muri WTO

Kuva mu 2001 kugeza mu 2023, ingano y'ubucuruzi bw'ibikomoka ku buhinzi hagati y'Ubushinwa n'ibihugu bya LAC yagaragaje iterambere rihoraho, kuva kuri miliyari 2.58 z'amadolari y'Amerika kugera kuri miliyari 81.03 z'amadolari y'Amerika, aho impuzandengo y'izamuka ry'umwaka rya 17.0%. Muri byo, agaciro k'ibitumizwa mu mahanga kiyongereye kuva kuri miliyari 2.40 z'amadolari y'Amerika kugera kuri miliyari 77.63 z'amadolari y'Amerika, ubwiyongere bw'inshuro 31; Ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga byiyongereyeho inshuro 19 kuva kuri miliyoni 170 z'amadolari kugera kuri miliyari 3.40 z'amadolari y'Amerika. Igihugu cyacu kiri mu mwanya w'icyuho mu bucuruzi bw'ibikomoka ku buhinzi n'ibihugu byo muri Amerika y'Epfo, kandi icyuho gikomeje kwiyongera. Isoko rikomeye ry'ibikomoka ku buhinzi mu gihugu cyacu ryatanze amahirwe akomeye mu iterambere ry'ubuhinzi muri Amerika y'Epfo. Mu myaka ya vuba aha, ibicuruzwa byinshi by'ubuhinzi byiza biva muri Amerika y'Epfo, nka cherry yo muri Chile na shrimp y'umweru yo muri Ekwateri, byinjiye ku isoko ryacu.

Muri rusange, uruhare rw'ibihugu byo muri Amerika y'Epfo mu bucuruzi bw'ubuhinzi bw'Ubushinwa rwagiye ruzamuka buhoro buhoro, ariko ikwirakwizwa ry'ibitumizwa n'ibyoherezwa mu mahanga ntiringana. Kuva mu 2001 kugeza 2023, igipimo cy'ubucuruzi bw'ubuhinzi hagati y'Ubushinwa na Amerika y'Epfo mu bucuruzi bw'ubuhinzi bw'Ubushinwa cyavuye kuri 9.3% kigera kuri 24.3%. Muri byo, ibitumizwa mu buhinzi by'Ubushinwa bivuye mu bihugu byo muri Amerika y'Epfo byavuye kuri 20.3% bigera kuri 33.2%, ibyoherezwa mu buhinzi by'Ubushinwa mu bihugu byo muri Amerika y'Epfo byavuye kuri 1.1% bigera kuri 3.4%.

2. Ibiranga ubucuruzi bw'ubuhinzi hagati y'Ubushinwa n'ibihugu bya LAC

(1) Abafatanyabikorwa mu bucuruzi buhuriweho cyane

Mu 2001, Argentine, Brezili na Peru nibyo bihugu bitatu bya mbere byatumizaga ibicuruzwa by’ubuhinzi bivuye muri Amerika y’Epfo, bifite agaciro ka miliyari 2.13 z’amadolari y’Amerika, bingana na 88.8% by’ibicuruzwa by’ubuhinzi byatumijwe muri Amerika y’Epfo muri uwo mwaka. Kubera ko ubufatanye mu bucuruzi bw’ubuhinzi n’ibihugu byo muri Amerika y’Epfo bwakomeje kwiyongera, mu myaka ya vuba aha, Chili yarenze Peru iba isoko ya gatatu mu gutumiza ibicuruzwa by’ubuhinzi muri Amerika y’Epfo, na Brezili yarenze Argentine iba isoko ya mbere mu gutumiza ibicuruzwa by’ubuhinzi. Mu 2023, ibicuruzwa by’ubuhinzi by’Ubushinwa byatumijwe muri Brezili, Argentine na Shili byageze kuri miliyari 58.93 z’amadolari y’Amerika, bingana na 88.8% by’ibicuruzwa by’ubuhinzi byatumijwe mu bihugu byo muri Amerika y’Epfo muri uwo mwaka. Muri byo, Ubushinwa bwatumije miliyari 58.58 z’amadolari y’Amerika by’ibikomoka ku buhinzi bivuye muri Brezili, bingana na 75.1% by’ibicuruzwa by’ubuhinzi byatumijwe mu bihugu byo muri Amerika y’Epfo, bingana na 25.0% by’ibicuruzwa by’ubuhinzi byatumijwe mu Bushinwa. Burezili si isoko rinini ry’ibicuruzwa by’ubuhinzi bivanwa mu mahanga muri Amerika y’Epfo gusa, ahubwo ni na ryo soko rinini ry’ibicuruzwa by’ubuhinzi bivanwa mu mahanga ku isi.

Mu 2001, Cuba, Megizike na Brezili ni zo masoko atatu ya mbere yo kohereza ibicuruzwa mu buhinzi mu Bushinwa mu bihugu bya LAC, afite agaciro ka miliyoni 110 z'amadolari ya Amerika, agize 64.4% by'ibyoherezwa mu mahanga mu buhinzi mu bihugu bya LAC muri uwo mwaka. Muri 2023, Megizike, Shili na Brezili ni zo masoko atatu ya mbere yo kohereza ibicuruzwa mu buhinzi mu Bushinwa mu bihugu bya Amerika y'Epfo, afite agaciro ka miliyari 2.15 z'amadolari ya Amerika, agize 63.2% by'ibyoherezwa mu mahanga mu buhinzi muri uwo mwaka.

(3) Ibicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga byiganjemo imbuto z'ibikomoka kuri peteroli n'ibikomoka ku matungo, kandi ibinyampeke bitumizwa mu mahanga byiyongereye cyane mu myaka ya vuba aha.

Ubushinwa ni cyo gihugu gifite inyungu nini ku isi mu gutumiza ibicuruzwa by’ubuhinzi, kandi gifite icyifuzo gikomeye cy’ibikomoka ku buhinzi nka soya, inyama z’inka n’imbuto biva mu bihugu byo muri Amerika y’Epfo. Kuva Ubushinwa bwinjiye muri WTO, ibicuruzwa by’ubuhinzi biva mu bihugu byo muri Amerika y’Epfo byiganjemo imbuto z’ibikomoka kuri peteroli n’amatungo, kandi ibinyampeke byinjijwe mu mahanga byariyongereye cyane mu myaka ya vuba aha.

Mu 2023, Ubushinwa bwatumije imbuto z'ibikomoka kuri peteroli miliyari 42.29 z'amadolari y'Amerika mu bihugu byo muri Amerika y'Epfo, ubwiyongere bwa 3.3%, bungana na 57.1% by'ibikomoka ku buhinzi byose byatumijwe mu bihugu byo muri Amerika y'Epfo. Ibikomoka ku matungo, ibikomoka ku mazi n'ibinyampeke byatumijwe mu mahanga byari miliyari 13.67 z'amadolari y'Amerika, miliyari 7.15 z'amadolari y'Amerika na miliyari 5.13 z'amadolari y'Amerika. Muri byo, ibikomoka ku bigori byatumijwe mu mahanga byari miliyari 4.05 z'amadolari y'Amerika, ubwiyongere bwikubye inshuro 137.671, ahanini bitewe nuko ibigori byo muri Burezili byoherejwe mu Bushinwa mu rwego rwo kugenzura no gushyira mu kato. Umubare munini w'ibigori byo muri Burezili byatumijwe mu mahanga wahinduye imiterere y'ibigori byigaruriwe na Ukraine na Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika mu bihe byashize.

(4) Kohereza hanze cyane cyane ibikomoka ku mazi n'imboga

Kuva Ubushinwa bwinjiye muri WTO, kohereza ibicuruzwa by’ubuhinzi mu bihugu bya LAC ahanini byari ibikomoka ku mazi n’imboga, mu myaka ya vuba aha, kohereza ibinyampeke n’imbuto mu mahanga byariyongereye cyane. Mu 2023, ibyoherezwa mu mahanga n’imboga byo mu mazi mu bihugu bya Amerika y’Epfo byari miliyari 1.19 z’amadolari na miliyari 6.0 z’amadolari, bingana na 35.0% na 17.6% by’ibyoherezwa mu mahanga byose mu bihugu bya Amerika y’Epfo.