1. Brassinosteroide igaragara cyane mubwami bwibimera
Mugihe cyubwihindurize, ibimera bigenda buhoro buhoro bigira imiyoboro igenga imisemburo ya endogenous kugirango isubize ibibazo bitandukanye bidukikije.Muri byo, brassinoide ni ubwoko bwa phytosterole ifite umurimo wo guteza imbere ingirabuzimafatizo.Bikunze kuboneka mubwami bwose bwibimera kuva hasi kugeza hejuru, kandi havumbuwe ibigereranyo byinshi bya brassinoide.
2. Brassinoide karemano n "" urufunguzo "rwiza rwo gufungura inzira ya endogenous brassinoids.
Brassinoide karemano ibaho cyane cyane mu ndabyo n'imbuto, igenga iterambere ry'imyororokere, gukura kw'imbuto, guteza imbere kuramba no gufata imizi, kandi bigira uruhare runini mu kurwanya ibimera kurwanya imihangayiko [3, 5].Brassinoide ya mbere imiterere yamenyekanye ni brassinolide BL (Ishusho 1-1).Nyamara, ibiyirimo bisanzwe biri hasi cyane kandi gukuramo inganda ntibishobora kugerwaho.Ibi byavuyemo urukurikirane rwibindi bisobanuro.Ibimera bimenya imisemburo no gusubiza binyuze mu ihame rya "gufunga nurufunguzo", kandi brassinoide karemano n "" urufunguzo "rwiza rwo gukingura igisubizo cya brassinoide.Bafitanye isano ikomeye niyakira kandi bifite akamaro kanini kuruta brassinolide itandukanye.Gukoresha exogenous ikoreshwa na brassinoide karemano irashobora kwumva vuba no kwinjizwa nibimera, ikuzuza neza synthesis idahagije ya brasinoide ya endogenous iterwa nibintu bitandukanye, bigatuma selile zisubiza vuba, hamwe nibikorwa byinshi, nta kwangwa, numutekano muke.
14-Hydroxybrassinosteroid (Igicapo 2), nkikigereranyo gishya cya brassinosteroid mungingo zifata kungufu, zirashobora gukururwa no gutunganywa mubice ukoresheje ibishishwa byangiza ibidukikije.Nibintu byambere bya brassinosteroid yamenye inganda zo gukuramo icyatsi..14-Hydroxybrassinosteroid ishyirwa muburozi buke cyangwa uburozi buke mubushinwa bwica udukoko twangiza udukoko.Igipimo cy’uburozi bw’ibidukikije ni uburozi buke kandi cyangirika ku buryo bworoshye, kandi isuzuma ry’ubuzima bw’ibidukikije ni rito (RQ <1).Ni bibi ku bantu no ku bantu.Ibidukikije na biosafeti, nicyo gicuruzwa cyonyine gishingiye ku bimera mu gihugu cyabonye “icyemezo cy’ibicuruzwa by’ibiribwa by’igihugu” ndetse n’icyemezo cy’ibicuruzwa byinjira muri Amerika.
3. Imyitozo yo gusaba irerekana ko brassinoide karemano ishobora kuzamura umusaruro mwinshi no kongera amafaranga
(1) Guteza imbere gutandukanya indabyo no kubungabunga indabyo n'imbuto
Umusaruro nubwiza bwibiti byimbuto bifitanye isano rya bugufi niterambere ryingingo zindabyo.Gutera brassinoide karemano mugihe cyo gutandukanya indabyo nicyiciro cyimbuto cyimbuto, cyangwa kongeramo umubare munini wa brassinoide karemano mugihe cyo kwanduza ibihimbano birashobora kongera ubwinshi nubwiza bwururabyo rwibiti byimbuto kandi bikagabanya indabyo zahindutse.Irashobora kunoza uburyo bwo kwanduza, kongera igipimo cyimbuto, no kugabanya indabyo nimbuto, kandi yakoreshejwe cyane mugutera no gutanga umusaruro wibiti byimbuto nka kiwi, citrusi, pome, na jujube.
Kiwifruit ni umuzabibu usanzwe.Mubikorwa byumusaruro, kwanduza ibihimbano bigomba gukoreshwa kugirango hongerwe kwanduzwa nigipimo cyimbuto.Mugihe kirenze 2/3 byigiti cyose kimaze kumera, koresha ifu ya brassinoide isanzwe ivanze nudusimba ku kigereranyo cya 1/50 kugirango uhindurwe ingingo yibihimbano cyangwa umuti wamazi wa brassinoide wavanze inshuro 2500 kugirango uhumeke, ushobora kongera imbuto cyane. igipimo cya kiwifruit no guteza imbere Ibiri muri vitamine C hamwe nibintu bya imbuto mu mbuto bitezimbere cyane kubika no gutwara ibintu hamwe nintungamubiri zimbuto za kiwi.(Isanamu 3-4) [6].Mugihe cyimbuto zimbuto za kiwifruit, imiti ivanze ya brassinoide karemano, gibberellin, na auxin irashobora kongera guterwa, ibyo bikaba bishobora guteza imbere kwaguka byihuse no gukura kwimbuto zikiri nto, bikavamo imiterere yimbuto zoroshye kandi kwiyongera 20% -30% muburemere bwimbuto imwe.
Kugabanuka kwimbuto karemano ya citrus irakomeye, kandi igipimo cyimbuto ni 2% -3% gusa.Mu rwego rwo kuzamura ubwiza bw’indabyo no kongera igipimo cy’imbuto, igabanuka ryimbuto karemano rikoreshwa mbere yo kurabyo, 2/3 byindabyo zarayoyotse, niminsi 5 kugeza 7 mbere yuko imbuto ya kabiri yumubiri itangira.Gutera brassinoide + acide gibberellic irashobora kongera igipimo cyimbuto za citrusi 20% (Guangxi Sugar Orange).Imbuto n'imbuto bikiri bito bihinduka icyatsi iminsi itatu mbere, kandi igipimo cyimbuto zahindutse ni gito.
(2) Hindura ibara, wongere isukari, kandi utezimbere ubwiza bwimbuto
Uburyohe bwimbuto bwana bwana bugereranya igipimo cyisukari-aside nyinshi mugihe gikuze hamwe nubutunzi bwa vitamine nibintu bya trike.Mubyiciro byambere byo guhindura ibara ryimbuto, gukoresha ubudahwema bwa brassinoide + ifumbire mvaruganda ya potasiyumu yatewe inshuro 2-3 mugiti cyose irashobora kwihutisha kwinjiza intungamubiri no guhinduka, kongera fotosintezeza, guteza imbere isukari, no guteza aside aside kama nka acide citric aside aside.Kwangirika kwa Quasi bihinduka vitamine, flavonoide nizindi ntungamubiri, byongera igipimo cyisukari-aside hamwe no kwegeranya ibintu by uburyohe.Ifite kandi ingaruka zo guteza imbere igishishwa cyoroshye no gukosora imiterere yimbuto.
(3) Kunyika no kwambara imbuto z ibihingwa byo murwego rwo kongera imbaraga no guteza imbere umusaruro ninjiza.
Ubwiza n'umusaruro w'ibihingwa byibiribwa bifitanye isano rya bugufi n’ibidukikije.Kamere ya brassinoide ifite ingaruka zikomeye mukurwanya imihangayiko nkubushyuhe bwinshi, amapfa, ibyangiritse bikonje, hamwe nu munyu mugihe cyose cyo gukura kwibihingwa.Mbere ya byose, kwambara imbuto, gutwikira hamwe nubundi buryo bwo kuvura mbere yo kubiba birashobora kunoza uburinganire bwibihingwa no gushimangira ingemwe (Ishusho 9).Icya kabiri, gutera brassinoide karemano inshuro 1-2 mugihe cyingenzi cyiterambere ryibihingwa nko kumena, kurabyo, no kuzuza ingano birashobora kunanira ibibazo bitandukanye kandi bikongera umusaruro wibihingwa.Brassinoide karemano yazamuwe mu gihugu hose mu rwego rwo kugenzura imikurire y’ingano no kongera umusaruro, ikaba irimo ibibanza 11 by’ibizamini mu turere twinshi dutanga ingano nka Henan, Shandong, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Gansu, na Jiangsu, ikigereranyo cy’umusaruro wiyongereyeho 13.28%, muri byo Umusaruro wa Shanxi wageze kuri 22.36%.
(4) Kongera intungamubiri no guteza imbere umusaruro wimboga
Koresha 0.0075% naturel ya brassinosteroid yumuti ivanze inshuro 2500 hanyuma utere kumababi yo hejuru yimboga inshuro 1-2 kugirango wongere umusaruro wo kwinjiza ibihingwa no gukoresha intungamubiri, kuzamura fotosintezeza, no guteza imbere umusaruro wimboga.Ibisubizo by'ibizamini byo mu nzu byerekanye ko nyuma y'iminsi 6 nyuma yo gutera amababi, agace k'ibabi ka pakchoi mu itsinda risanzwe rya brassinosteroid ryiyongereyeho 20% ugereranije no kugenzura amazi meza.
(5) Nibyiza mukurinda ubukonje nubukonje
“Ubukonje butinze” ni impagarara zisanzwe, bigira ingaruka ku musaruro wibihingwa.Shira 8-15ml ya brassinoide karemano + potasiyumu nshya ya dihydrogen fosifate / imirire ya amino aside foliar iminsi 2-4 mbere, iminsi 3 nyuma, niminsi 10-15 nyuma yo kwangirika gukonje cyangwa kwangirika gukonje kugirango wongere imbaraga zibihingwa kwangirika gukonje cyangwa kwangirika gukonje .Ibihingwa bikonje bikomeza gukura vuba.Imbeho itinze imbeho izangiza ibice birenga 60% bya cheri calyces.Kamere ya brassinoide + ivura ifumbire mvaruganda ya potasiyumu irashobora kugabanya cyane ibyangiritse ku kigero cya 40% kandi bigatuma umwanda usanzwe.
Mugihe gikonje, sisitemu yifotozi yubuhinzi yangiritse kandi fotosintezeza ntishobora kurangira mubisanzwe, bigira ingaruka zikomeye kumikurire.Iminsi 2-3 mbere yuko ingemwe zinyanya zigira ikibazo cyo gukonjesha, shyira igihingwa cyose hamwe ninshuro 2000 zogukwirakwiza inshuro ebyiri za brassinosterol + imirire ya amino aside foliar kugirango ukore ibikorwa bya peroxidase (POD) na catalase (CAT).Kuraho impagarara zirenze urugero ogisijeni yubusa mu nyanya kugirango urinde sisitemu ya fotosintetike yingemwe zinyanya munsi yubukonje kandi utume ukira vuba nyuma yo guhangayika.
(6) Kurandura ibyatsi, byongerewe imbaraga kandi bifite umutekano
Kamere ya brassinoide irashobora gukangurira byihuse urwego rwibanze rwibimera.Ku ruhande rumwe, iyo ikoreshejwe ifatanije n’imiti yica ibyatsi, irashobora guteza imbere kwinjiza no gutwara ibiyobyabwenge hakoreshejwe ibyatsi bibi kandi bikongera ingaruka z’ibyatsi;kurundi ruhande, mugihe imiti yica udukoko itandukanye isa nkaho yangiza, brassicas naturel igomba kongera gukoreshwa mugihe gikwiye Umusemburo urashobora gukora uburyo bwo kwangiza ibihingwa, kwihutisha metabolisme yangiza imiti yica udukoko mu mubiri, kandi bigateza imbere kugarura ibihingwa.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gashyantare-19-2024