Umwuka mwiza, amazi n'ubutaka bwiza ni ingenzi mu mikorere y'urusobe rw'ibinyabuzima rukorana mu bice bine by'ingenzi by'Isi kugira ngo rukomeze kubaho. Ariko, ibisigazwa by'uburozi bw'imiti yica udukoko biri hose mu rusobe rw'ibinyabuzima kandi akenshi biboneka mu butaka, mu mazi (bikomeye n'amazi) no mu mwuka uri mu kirere ku rugero rurenze amahame y'Ikigo cya Amerika gishinzwe kurengera ibidukikije (EPA). Ibi bisigazwa by'imiti yica udukoko binyura mu mazi, bigacamo fotolisiyo, ogisijeni no kwangirika kw'ibinyabuzima, bigatuma habaho impinduka zitandukanye zisanzwe nk'ibisigazwa by'imiti bikomoka kuri yo. Urugero, 90% by'Abanyamerika bafite nibura kimwe mu bipimo by'imiti yica udukoko mu mibiri yabo (ibisigazwa by'imiti ikomoka kuri yo n'ibikomoka kuri metabolite). Kuba hari imiti yica udukoko mu mubiri bishobora kugira ingaruka ku buzima bw'abantu, cyane cyane mu bihe by'ubuzima butishoboye nko mu bwana, ingimbi, gutwita no gusaza. Ubushakashatsi bwa siyansi bwerekana ko imiti yica udukoko imaze igihe kinini igira ingaruka mbi ku buzima (urugero: ihungabana ry'imiti ikomoka ku misemburo, kanseri, ibibazo byo kubyara/kubyara, uburozi bw'ubwonko, gutakaza urusobe rw'ibinyabuzima, nibindi) ku bidukikije (harimo n'inyamaswa zo mu gasozi, urusobe rw'ibinyabuzima n'ubuzima bw'abantu). Bityo, guhura n'imiti yica udukoko n'imiti ikomoka kuri yo bishobora kugira ingaruka mbi ku buzima, harimo n'ingaruka ku rusobe rw'imiti ikomoka ku misemburo.
Impuguke mu by’ingufu zikoreshwa mu kurwanya indwara z’imisemburo (yatinze) Dr. Theo Colborne yashyize mu byiciro ibintu birenga 50 by’imiti yica udukoko mu byiciro nk’ibigabanya indwara z’imisemburo (ED), harimo n’imiti ikoreshwa mu ngo nk’isabune, imiti yica udukoko, pulasitiki n’imiti yica udukoko. Ubushakashatsi bwagaragaje ko ingaruka z’ingufu zikoreshwa mu mikorere y’imiti yica udukoko nka atrazine na 2,4-D, fipronil y’umuti wica udukoko, na dioxins zikomoka mu nganda (TCDD). Iyi miti ishobora kwinjira mu mubiri, igahungabanya imisemburo igatera ingaruka mbi ku mikurire, indwara, n’ibibazo byo kubyara. Sisitemu y’ingufu igizwe n’imiti (thyroid, gonads, adrenals, na pituitary) hamwe n’imisemburo ikora (thyroxine, estrogen, testosterone, na adrenaline). Iyi miti n’imisemburo ijyanye nayo ni byo bigenga iterambere, imikurire, ubwiyongere, n’imyitwarire y’inyamaswa, harimo n’abantu. Indwara z’ingufu zikoreshwa mu mikorere y’imiti ni ikibazo gihoraho kandi gikomeza kwiyongera kigira ingaruka ku bantu hirya no hino ku isi. Kubera iyo mpamvu, abashyigikiye bavuga ko iyi politiki ikwiye gushyira mu bikorwa amategeko akaze ku ikoreshwa ry’imiti yica udukoko no kongera imbaraga mu bushakashatsi ku ngaruka z’igihe kirekire zo kwibasirwa n’imiti yica udukoko.
Ubu bushakashatsi ni bumwe muri bwinshi bwemeza ko imiti yica udukoko ihumanya ibidukikije ifite uburozi bungana cyangwa se ikaba ifite akamaro kurusha imiti ikomoka kuri yo. Ku isi yose, pyriproxyfen (Pyr) ikoreshwa cyane mu kurwanya imibu kandi ni wo muti wonyine wemewe n'Ishami ry'Umuryango w'Abibumbye ryita ku Buzima (OMS) mu kurwanya imibu mu bikoresho by'amazi yo kunywa. Ariko, hafi ya TP Pyrs zose uko ari zirindwi zifite imikorere yo kwangiza estrogen mu maraso, impyiko, n'umwijima. Malathion ni umuti wica udukoko ukunzwe cyane ubuza imikorere ya acetylcholinesterase (AChE) mu mitsi y'imitsi. Kubuza AChE gutuma acetylcholine yiyongera, urwego rw'imitsi rushinzwe imikorere y'ubwonko n'imitsi. Uku kwiyongera kw'imiti bishobora gutera ingaruka zikomeye nko gutitira vuba imitsi imwe n'imwe, gucika intege kw'ubuhumekero, guhungabana kw'imitsi, kandi mu bihe bikomeye, ariko, gukumira acetylcholinesterase ntabwo ari ikintu cyihariye, biganisha ku gukwirakwira kwa malathion. Ibi ni ikibazo gikomeye ku nyamaswa zo mu gasozi no ku buzima rusange. Muri make, ubushakashatsi bwagaragaje ko TP ebyiri za malathion zigira ingaruka mbi ku mikorere y’uturemangingo tw’umubiri ku mikorere y’uturemangingo, imisemburo, na glucocorticoid (karubohidrati, poroteyine, ibinure). Kwangirika vuba k’umuti wica udukoko witwa fenoxaprop-ethyl byatumye habaho TP ebyiri z’uburozi cyane, byongereye imyitwarire y’uturemangingo inshuro 5.8-12 kandi bigira ingaruka zikomeye ku mikorere ya estrogen. Amaherezo, TF nyamukuru ya benalaxil iguma mu bidukikije igihe kirekire kurusha imvange y’umubyeyi, ni estrogen receptor alpha antagonist, kandi yongera imyitwarire y’uturemangingo inshuro 3. Imiti ine yo muri ubu bushakashatsi si yo yonyine yari iteye impungenge; indi myinshi inakora ibintu byangiza uburozi. Imiti myinshi ikoreshwa mu kwica udukoko, imiti ishaje n’imishya, hamwe n’ibikomoka ku bimera bisohora fosifore yuzuye uburozi ihumanya abantu n’urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima.
Umuti wica udukoko DDT ubujijwe hamwe n’umuti wayo mukuru DDE biracyari mu bidukikije nyuma y’imyaka myinshi ikoreshwa, aho Ikigo cya Amerika gishinzwe kurengera ibidukikije (EPA) cyabonye ingano y’ibinyabutabire birengeje urugero rwemewe. Nubwo DDT na DDE bishonga mu binure byo mu mubiri bikamara imyaka myinshi, DDE iguma mu mubiri igihe kirekire. Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe n’Ikigo gishinzwe kurwanya indwara (CDC) bwagaragaje ko DDE yanduje imibiri ya 99 ku ijana by’abitabiriye ubushakashatsi. Kimwe n’ibintu bihungabanya imisemburo y’amaraso, guhura na DDT byongera ibyago bijyana na diyabete, gucura imburagihe, kugabanuka k’umubare w’intanga ngabo, endometriosis, indwara zivukana, autism, kubura vitamine D, lymphoma itari Hodgkin, n’umubyibuho ukabije. Ariko, ubushakashatsi bwagaragaje ko DDE ifite uburozi kurusha ikintu gikomoka kuri yo. Iyi metabolite ishobora kugira ingaruka ku buzima bw’abantu benshi, igatera umubyibuho ukabije na diyabete, kandi yongera cyane umubare w’abantu barwaye kanseri y’ibere mu bisekuru byinshi. Imiti imwe n’imwe yo mu myaka ya kera, harimo na organophosphates nka malathion, ikorwa mu bintu bimwe n’imiti y’imyakura yo mu Ntambara ya Kabiri y’Isi Yose (Agent Orange), bigira ingaruka mbi ku mitsi. Triclosan, umuti wica udukoko ubuza udukoko ubujijwe mu biribwa byinshi, uguma mu bidukikije kandi utuma habaho ibintu bitera kanseri nka chloroform na 2,8-dichlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (2,8-DCDD).
Ibinyabutabire bya "Next-generation", birimo glyphosate na neonicotinoids, bikora vuba kandi bigasenyuka vuba, bityo ntibikunze kwiyongera. Ariko, ubushakashatsi bwagaragaje ko ingano nto y'ibi binyabutabire ni uburozi bwinshi kurusha ibinyabutabire bya kera kandi bisaba ibiro bike bike. Kubwibyo, umusaruro w'ibi binyabutabire ushobora gutera ingaruka nk'izo cyangwa zikomeye cyane z'uburozi. Ubushakashatsi bwagaragaje ko glyphosate y'ibimera ihinduka metabolite y'uburozi ya AMPA ihindura imiterere y'uturemangingo. Byongeye kandi, metabolite nshya za ionic nka denitroimidacloprid na decyanothiacloprid zifite uburozi bungana n'inshuro 300 na ~200 ku nyamaswa kurusha imidacloprid y'umubyeyi, uko bikurikirana.
Imiti yica udukoko n'imiti yayo ishobora kongera uburozi bukabije n'ubushobora kwica, bigatera ingaruka z'igihe kirekire ku bukungu bw'ibinyabuzima n'urusobe rw'ibinyabuzima. Imiti itandukanye yo mu bihe byashize n'ubu ikora nk'indi miti ihumanya ibidukikije, kandi abantu bashobora guhura n'iyi miti icyarimwe. Akenshi iyi miti ihumanya ibidukikije ikorana cyangwa igahuza kugira ngo igire ingaruka zikomeye cyane. Guhuza udukoko ni ikibazo gikunze kugaragara mu mvange y'imiti yica udukoko kandi ishobora kugabanya ingaruka z'uburozi ku buzima bw'abantu, inyamaswa n'ibidukikije. Kubera iyo mpamvu, isuzuma ry'ibyago by'ibidukikije n'ubuzima bw'abantu ubu rigabanya cyane ingaruka mbi z'ibisigazwa by'imiti yica udukoko, metabolites n'ibindi bihumanya ibidukikije.
Gusobanukirwa ingaruka imiti yica udukoko ikoreshwa mu misemburo n'ibiyikomokaho bishobora kugira ku buzima bw'abakiri bato n'abazaza ni ingenzi cyane. Impamvu y'indwara ziterwa n'imiti yica udukoko ntirasobanuka neza, harimo gutinda gushoboka hagati y'ibinyabutabire, ingaruka ku buzima, n'amakuru yerekeye ibyorezo.
Uburyo bumwe bwo kugabanya ingaruka z'imiti yica udukoko ku bantu no ku bidukikije ni ukugura, guhinga no kubungabunga umusaruro w'ibikomoka ku bidukikije. Ubushakashatsi bwinshi bwagaragaje ko iyo uhindukiye ujya ku ndyo y'ibikomoka ku bidukikije gusa, urwego rw'imiti yica udukoko mu nkari rugabanuka cyane. Ubuhinzi bw'ibidukikije bufite inyungu nyinshi ku buzima no ku bidukikije binyuze mu kugabanya gukenera ubuhinzi bukoresha imiti myinshi. Ingaruka mbi z'imiti yica udukoko zishobora kugabanuka binyuze mu gukoresha uburyo bwo kuvugurura ibidukikije no gukoresha uburyo bwo kurwanya udukoko budahumanya cyane. Bitewe n'uburyo bukoreshwa cyane bwo gukoresha ingamba zitarimo imiti yica udukoko, haba mu ngo ndetse no mu nganda zikora mu buhinzi bashobora gukoresha ubu buryo kugira ngo bareme ibidukikije bizima kandi birangwa n'umutekano.
Igihe cyo kohereza ubutumwa: Nzeri-06-2023