Umwuka mwiza, amazi nubutaka bwiza nibyingenzi mumikorere yibinyabuzima bikora mubice bine byingenzi byisi kugirango ubuzima bukomeze.Nyamara, ibisigazwa byica udukoko twica udukoko biboneka hose mubidukikije kandi bikunze kuboneka mubutaka, amazi (haba mumazi ndetse n’amazi) hamwe n’umwuka w’ibidukikije ku rwego rurenze igipimo cy’ikigo cy’Amerika gishinzwe kurengera ibidukikije (EPA).Ibisigazwa byica udukoko byangiza hydrolysis, Photolysis, okiside na biodegradation, bikavamo ibicuruzwa bitandukanye bihinduka bisanzwe nkibintu byababyeyi.Kurugero, 90% byabanyamerika bafite byibura biomarker imwe yica udukoko mu mibiri yabo (ibice byababyeyi hamwe na metabolite).Kuba imiti yica udukoko mu mubiri irashobora kugira ingaruka ku buzima bwabantu, cyane cyane mugihe cyubuzima bworoshye nkubwana, ubwangavu, gutwita no gusaza.Ubuvanganzo bwa siyansi bwerekana ko imiti yica udukoko imaze igihe kinini igira ingaruka mbi ku buzima (urugero: ihungabana rya endocrine, kanseri, ibibazo by’imyororokere / kuvuka, neurotoxicity, gutakaza urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima, n'ibindi) ku bidukikije (harimo ibinyabuzima, ibinyabuzima ndetse n’ubuzima bwa muntu).Rero, guhura nudukoko twangiza udukoko hamwe na PDs birashobora kugira ingaruka mbi kubuzima, harimo n'ingaruka kuri sisitemu ya endocrine.
Impuguke y’umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi (gutinda) Dr. Theo Colborne yashyize mu majwi ibintu birenga 50 byica udukoko twangiza udukoko twangiza udukoko (ED), harimo n’imiti ikomoka mu rugo nk'imiti yangiza, yangiza, yangiza, yica udukoko.Ubushakashatsi bwerekanye ko ihungabana rya endocrine ryiganje mu miti myinshi yica udukoko nka herbiside atrazine na 2,4-D, fipronil y’udukoko twangiza udukoko, hamwe na dioxyyine ikomoka ku nganda (TCDD).Iyi miti irashobora kwinjira mu mubiri, guhagarika imisemburo no gutera iterambere ribi, indwara, nibibazo byimyororokere.Sisitemu ya endocrine igizwe na glande (tiroyide, gonado, adrenal, na pitoito) hamwe na hormone bakora (thyroxine, estrogene, testosterone, na adrenaline).Iyi glande hamwe na hormone zijyanye nabyo bigenga iterambere, gukura, kororoka, nimyitwarire yinyamaswa, harimo nabantu.Indwara ya Endocrine nikibazo gihoraho kandi gikura cyibasira abantu kwisi yose.Kubera iyo mpamvu, abunganira bavuga ko politiki igomba kubahiriza amabwiriza akomeye ku ikoreshwa ry’imiti yica udukoko no gushimangira ubushakashatsi ku ngaruka ndende ziterwa n’imiti yica udukoko.
Ubu bushakashatsi ni bumwe muri bwinshi bwemera ko imiti yica udukoko yica udukoko ari uburozi cyangwa ndetse bukora neza kuruta ababyeyi babo.Kw'isi yose, pyriproxyfen (Pyr) ikoreshwa cyane mu kurwanya imibu kandi ni yo miti yonyine yica udukoko twemejwe n’umuryango w’ubuzima ku isi (OMS) mu kurwanya imibu mu bikoresho by’amazi yo kunywa.Nyamara, hafi ya zose zirindwi za TP Pyrs zifite ibikorwa byo kugabanya estrogene mumaraso, impyiko, numwijima.Malathion ni umuti wica udukoko uzwi cyane uhagarika ibikorwa bya acetylcholinesterase (AChE) mumyanya mitsi.Kubuza AChE biganisha ku kwirundanya kwa acetyloline, imiti ya neurotransmitter ishinzwe imikorere yubwonko n'imitsi.Uku kwegeranya imiti gushobora gutera ingaruka zikomeye nko kwihuta kwihuta kwimitsi yimitsi imwe n'imwe, ubumuga bwubuhumekero, guhungabana, kandi mubihe bikabije, ariko, kubuza acetylcholinesterase ntabwo byihariye, biganisha ku gukwirakwiza malathion.Ibi ni ikibazo gikomeye ku nyamaswa n’ubuzima rusange.Muri make, ubushakashatsi bwerekanye ko TP ebyiri za malathion zifite ingaruka mbi za endocrine ku mvugo ya gene, imisemburo ya hormone, na glucocorticoid (karubone, proteyine, ibinure) metabolism.Iyangirika ryihuse ryimiti yica udukoko fenoxaprop-Ethyl yatumye habaho TP ebyiri zifite ubumara bukabije bwongera imvugo ya gene inshuro 5.8-12 kandi bigira uruhare runini mubikorwa bya estrogene.Hanyuma, TF nyamukuru ya benalaxil ikomeza kubidukikije igihe kirekire kuruta icyababyeyi, ni estrogene reseptor alpha antagonist, kandi ikongera imvugo ya gene inshuro 3.Imiti ine yica udukoko muri ubu bushakashatsi ntabwo yari imiti yonyine ihangayikishije;abandi benshi nabo batanga ibicuruzwa byangiza.Imiti myinshi yabujijwe kwica udukoko, imiti yica udukoko twangiza nudukoko, hamwe n’ibicuruzwa biva mu miti irekura fosifore yuzuye uburozi yanduza abantu n’ibinyabuzima.
Umuti wica udukoko DDT wabujijwe hamwe na metabolite nyamukuru ya DDE ukomeza kuba mu bidukikije nyuma y’imyaka ibarirwa muri za mirongo ikoreshwa, hamwe n’ikigo cy’Amerika gishinzwe kurengera ibidukikije (EPA) cyagaragaje ko imiti irenze urugero rwemewe.Mugihe DDT na DDE bishonga mumavuta yumubiri kandi bakagumayo imyaka, DDE iguma mumubiri igihe kirekire.Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe n'ikigo gishinzwe kurwanya indwara (CDC) bwerekanye ko DDE yanduye imibiri ya 99 ku ijana by'abitabiriye ubushakashatsi.Kimwe n'abahagarika endocrine, guhura na DDT byongera ingaruka ziterwa na diyabete, gucura hakiri kare, kugabanuka kw'intanga, endometriose, kuvuka kwa anomalie, autism, kubura vitamine D, lymphoma itari Hodgkin, n'umubyibuho ukabije.Nyamara, ubushakashatsi bwerekanye ko DDE ifite uburozi burenze ubw'ababyeyi.Iyi metabolite irashobora kugira ingaruka nyinshi mubuzima, itera umubyibuho ukabije na diyabete, kandi byongera bidasanzwe kwandura kanseri yamabere mumasekuruza menshi.Imiti yica udukoko tumwe na tumwe, harimo na organofosifati nka malathion, ikozwe mu bintu bimwe na bimwe by’imitsi yo mu Ntambara ya Kabiri y'Isi Yose (Agent Orange), bigira ingaruka mbi ku mitsi.Triclosan, imiti yica udukoko twica udukoko twabujijwe mu biribwa byinshi, ikomeza kuba mu bidukikije kandi ikora ibicuruzwa byangiza kanseri nka chloroform na 2,8-dichlorodibenzo-p-dioxine (2,8-DCDD).
Imiti "Igisekuru kizaza", harimo glyphosate na neonicotinoide, ikora vuba kandi igasenyuka vuba, kuburyo bidashoboka kwiyubaka.Nyamara, ubushakashatsi bwerekanye ko imbaraga nke z’imiti zifite uburozi kurusha imiti ishaje kandi bisaba ibiro byinshi ibiro bike.Kubwibyo, ibicuruzwa biva muri iyi miti bishobora gutera ingaruka zisa cyangwa zikomeye cyane.Ubushakashatsi bwerekanye ko herbicide glyphosate ihindurwamo uburozi bwa AMPA metabolite ihindura imvugo ya gene.Byongeye kandi, metabolite ya ionic metabolite nka denitroimidacloprid na decyanothiacloprid ni uburozi bwikubye inshuro 300 na ~ 200 kurenza inyamaswa z’inyamabere kurusha imidacloprid.
Imiti yica udukoko hamwe na TF zabo birashobora kongera urwego rwuburozi bukabije kandi bwica bikaviramo ingaruka ndende kubutunzi bwibinyabuzima no kubinyabuzima.Imiti yica udukoko twashize nubu nubu ikora nkibindi bihumanya ibidukikije, kandi abantu bashobora guhura nibi bintu icyarimwe.Akenshi ibyo byangiza imiti bikora hamwe cyangwa bigahuriza hamwe kugirango bitange ingaruka zikomeye hamwe.Gukorana nikibazo gikunze kuvangwa nudukoko twangiza udukoko kandi birashobora gupfobya ingaruka zuburozi kubuzima bwabantu, inyamaswa nibidukikije.Kubera iyo mpamvu, isuzumabumenyi ry’ibidukikije n’ubuzima bw’abantu risuzugura cyane ingaruka mbi z’ibisigisigi byica udukoko, metabolite n’ibindi byangiza ibidukikije.
Gusobanukirwa ingaruka endocrine ihungabanya imiti yica udukoko hamwe nibicuruzwa byayo bishobora kugira ingaruka kubuzima bwibisekuruza bizaza nibizaza.Indwara y’indwara ziterwa n’imiti yica udukoko ntisobanutse neza, harimo gutinda igihe giteganijwe hagati y’imiti y’imiti, ingaruka z’ubuzima, n’amakuru y’ibyorezo.
Bumwe mu buryo bwo kugabanya ingaruka zica udukoko twangiza abantu nibidukikije nukugura, gukura no kubungabunga umusaruro kama.Ubushakashatsi bwinshi bwerekanye ko iyo uhinduye indyo yuzuye kama, urwego rwa metabolite yica udukoko mu nkari rugabanuka cyane.Ubworozi-mwimerere bufite ubuzima bwiza n’ibidukikije mu kugabanya ibikenerwa mu buhinzi-mwimerere.Ingaruka mbi ziterwa nudukoko twica udukoko zirashobora kugabanuka mugukoresha uburyo bushya bwo kuvugurura no gukoresha uburyo bwo kurwanya udukoko twangiza.Bitewe no gukoresha ingamba zindi zitari imiti yica udukoko, ingo ndetse n’abakozi bakora mu nganda-nganda barashobora gukoresha ubwo buryo kugirango habeho ibidukikije byiza kandi byiza.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Nzeri-06-2023