Abakangurambaga barasaba ko hagira igikorwa cyo kurangiza 'kwishingikiriza' ku miti yica ibyatsi mu Bwongereza | Ubwicanyi

Mu myaka ya 1980, abahinzi bo muri Ecosse ni bo batangije ikoreshwa ryaglyphosategutera imiti mbere yo gusarura ingano. Kubera ko ibibaya bitose bigorana kumisha imyaka neza, bashyizeho uburyo bwo kwica ibyatsi bibi icyumweru kimwe cyangwa bibiri mbere yo gusarura kugira ngo bihutishe kurumisha.
Glyphosate yari umuti w’ibyatsi w’umwimerere mu gihe cyayo; wicaga ibimera byose nta ngaruka mbi ku nyamaswa, bituma uba mwiza kuri uyu murimo. Uyu muco wahise ukwirakwira mu turere tw’ubuhinzi dukonje kandi duto cyane ku isi.
Nyuma y'imyaka mirongo ine, toni ibihumbi bya glyphosate biracyakoreshwa buri mwaka mu mirima, mu busitani bw’icyatsi mu mujyi, no mu busitani bwo mu ngo mu Bwongereza. Ariko, umutekano w’iki cyatsi kibisi uravugwaho byinshi, kandi kubera ko uruhushya rwacyo ruzarangira mu Ukuboza, hari abasaba ko ikoreshwa ryacyo rihagarikwa cyangwa rigahagarikwa cyane.
Isesengura ry’amakuru ya leta rigaragaza ko abahinzi bateye toni zisaga 2.200 za glyphosate mu 2024, ibirenga kimwe cya kabiri cy’ayo mafaranga bigakoreshwa ku ngano n’ibindi bihingwa by’ibinyampeke.
Amakuru agaragaza ko ikoreshwa ry'iki kinyabutabire ryiyongereye inshuro icumi mu myaka mirongo itatu ishize, kandi ikoreshwa ryacyo riracyari hejuru nubwo Umuryango w’Abibumbye wita ku Buzima wagishyize mu byiciro ko "gishobora kuba gitera kanseri ku bantu" mu 2015. Bayer yemeza ko imiti yica udukoko itera kanseri idatera kanseri.
“Kwishingikiriza kuri glyphosate mu Bwongereza birarenze urugero,” ibi byavuzwe na Nick Mole wo muri Pesticide Action Network UK, wakoze isesengura. “Tuzi ko glyphosate ifitanye isano na kanseri zitandukanye n’izindi ndwara zishobora guteza ubuzima. Yangiza kandi ibidukikije, yangiza amazi, kandi ikangiza inyamaswa zo mu gasozi.”
“Guverinoma igomba kwiyemeza byihutirwa guhagarika no guhagarika ikoreshwa rya glyphosate, no gushyigikira abahinzi n’inzego z’ibanze gushyiraho ubundi buryo bwizewe kandi burambye.”
Glyphosate ni umuti w’ibyatsi ufite imiterere myinshi, bivuze ko ushobora kwica ibyatsi byose, harimo n’ibyatsi n’ibyatsi bifite amababi manini. Ibi bituma iba intwaro ikomeye ku bahinzi. Ariko, ikoreshwa rya glyphosate mu Bwongereza ritandukanye cyane n’iryo muri Amerika. Muri Amerika, ibihingwa byahinduwe mu buryo bw’uturemangingo, bitewe nuko birwanya glyphosate, bisukwa glyphosate cyane mu gihe cy’ihinga.
“Mu Bwongereza, glyphosate ikoreshwa cyane mbere yo gutera imyaka kugira ngo yica ibyatsi bibi byose bikura mu murima,” ibi byavuzwe na Helen Metcalfe, inzobere mu by’ubuhinzi mu kigo cya Harpenden Rotherhamstead muri Hertfordshire.
Metcalf yavuze ko guhinduka ku buhinzi “buvugurura” budatera ingaruka mbi ari impamvu nyamukuru yo kongera ikoreshwa rya glyphosate. Ubundi buryo burimo guhinga ubutaka kugira ngo haveho ibyatsi bibi, ariko ibi byangiza ubutaka, “ni byo abahinzi bagerageza kurinda,” nk’uko yabitangaje. “Bagerageza kurinda ubutaka, gukumira amazi n’isuri y’ubutaka, kongera karuboni mu butaka, n’ibindi. Kugira ngo ubuhinzi buvugurura bugire ingaruka nziza bisaba gukoresha glyphosate.”
Ariko, ikoreshwa ry'imiti ikoze mu bukorikori ntabwo ridafite ingaruka. Muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, Bayer yatanze miliyari 7.25 z'amadolari (miliyari 5.4 z'amapawundi) kugira ngo ikemure imanza ibihumbi ziregwa ko yananiwe kuburira abaguzi ko Roundup yayo irimo umuti ukomoka kuri glyphosate ishobora gutera kanseri. Mu Bufaransa, guverinoma yemeye isano iri hagati y'indwara ya Parkinson na glyphosate kandi yahembye abahinzi.
“Mu by’ukuri, kimwe n’ibindi bintu byinshi, uko urushaho guhura n’ibibazo byinshi, ni ko birushaho gutera impungenge,” uyu ni Wayne Carter, umwarimu wungirije muri Kaminuza ya Nottingham wiga ku ngaruka z’imiti yica udukoko mu binyabuzima. “Guhura n’ibintu byinshi bishobora kuba uburozi, bityo ushobora kwandura imiti yica udukoko binyuze mu kurya cyangwa guhumeka; ariko nanone ugomba kwitonda ntutere imiti yica udukoko mu busitani bwawe.”
Mu 2023, Umuryango w’Ubumwe bw’u Burayi wabujije ikoreshwa rya glyphosate mu kumisha mbere y’uko imyaka ihingwa, bigaragaza impungenge ku bijyanye no kwibumbira mu biribwa bya glyphosate.
Umuvugizi wa guverinoma y'Ubwongereza yashimangiye ko ikoreshwa rya glyphosate rigenzurwa cyane, yongeraho ati: “Ikoreshwa ryayo rizemezwa gusa iyo hari ibimenyetso bigaragaza ko umuti wica udukoko utazagira ingaruka mbi ku buzima bw'abantu cyangwa inyamaswa cyangwa ngo ugire ingaruka zidakwiye ku bidukikije.”