Mbere yo gutera ingemwe z'imyembe, ubutaka bugomba gutegurwa kandi hagashyirwaho ifumbire mvaruganda.Kuva igihe ingemwe zitangiye kumera cyangwa nyuma yuko ingemwe zikiriho, hagomba gukorwa imiterere ikwiye no gukatwa kugira ngo amashami asaranganywe neza,Igiti gifite urumuri rwinshi, ibyo bikaba ingirakamaro mu gukura kw'intungamubiri no kwera imbuto, kandi kikagira ishusho y'igiti itangira kwera vuba, itanga umusaruro mwinshi kandi igatanga umusaruro uhoraho. Bitabaye ibyo, gishobora gutera ibiti bike byoroherwa n'ibiti, indwara zikomeye n'udukoko, ndetse n'agaciro gato k'imbuto nyuma yo kwera imbuto.
I. Uburyo bwo gutema no gushushanya
1. Uburyo bwo gushushanya inkingi z’igiti karemano. Nyuma yo gutera ikimera, iyo kimaze gukura kikagera kuri santimetero 60-70, gabanya igice cyo hejuru kugira ngo ushyireho inkingi nyamukuru. Ishami rya mbere ryo ku ruhande rigomba kuba riri kuri santimetero 30-40 uvuye ku giti kinini, naho ishami rya kabiri ryo ku ruhande rigomba kuba riri kuri santimetero 25-35 uvuye ku ishami rikuru. Subiramo ubu buryo kugira ngo ukore inkingi y’igiti ifite inkingi z’igiti.
2. Ni uburyo bwo gushushanya igiti cyo hagati. Iyo ikimera gikuze kikagera kuri santimetero 60-70, igiti cy'ingenzi kiracibwa kandi kigashyirwaho. Hari amashami 3 y'ingenzi mu cyiciro cya mbere, kandi amashami 3-4 y'ingenzi asigara mu cyiciro cya kabiri, aherereye kuri santimetero 20 uvuye ku ishami rya kabiri ry'ingenzi. Iki giti gifite igiti cy'ingenzi gihagaze neza kandi kizamuka. Ikamba ry'igiti rigizwe n'amababi abiri, rimwe rito hejuru n'irindi rinini hepfo.
3. Uburyo bwo gushushanya imiterere y’ibimera mu buryo bw’umwimerere. Ubu buryo bukubiyemo gukata imitwe y’ibimera iyo bigeze ku burebure bwa santimetero 50 kugeza kuri 90, kugira ngo bitere imbere amashami no kugumana amashami 3 y’ingenzi. Urwego rwa kabiri rw’amashami y’ingenzi rukora ishusho y’umurongo ugororotse hamwe n’urwego rwa mbere rw’amashami y’ingenzi, kandi icyerekezo gifatanye n’icy’urwego rwa mbere. Ubu buryo bukwiriye ku bimera bito, gutera cyane, no guhinga cyane, bituma umwuka uhumeka neza kandi urumuri rwinjira mu mirongo. Ariko, uburyo bwo gushushanya no gukata busaba ubuhanga buhanitse kandi busaba akazi kenshi.
II. Ingingo z'ingenzi zo gucunga neza imbuto z'imyembe
1. Gucunga ifumbire mvaruganda. Uretse gukata no gutunganya ibyavuzwe haruguru, ifumbire mvaruganda n'ifumbire mvaruganda nziza bishobora gutorwa nk'ifumbire mvaruganda. Mu gihe cyo gutandukanya indabyo z'ibiti by'imyembe bikuze (ukwezi kumwe mbere yo kurabya, ni ukuvuga Nzeri-Ukwakira), hagomba gushyirwaho ifumbire mvaruganda itera indabyo, igizwe ahanini na azote (urea) na potasiyumu (nitrate ya potasiyumu); muri Mata-Gicurasi, mu gihe cyo kwaguka kw'imbuto, hagomba gushyirwaho ifumbire mvaruganda itera imbuto; nyuma yo gusarura imbuto, hagomba gukoreshwa ifumbire mvaruganda nk'ifumbire nyamukuru.
2. Kugenzura umusaruro wiyongera. Mu gihe cy'impeshyi cyo kurabya kw'imyembe, iyo habaye imvura n'ubukonje, amatsinda y'indabyo zitangira kurabya ashobora gukurwaho n'intoki, kandi ikigero cya miligarama 500 kuri litiro ya paclobutrazol gishobora gusukurwa kugira ngo gitinde igihe cyo kurabya. Iyo ikirere ari cyiza, ethylene ishobora gusukurwa kugira ngo ibiti bitere indabyo no kubuza amashami arya cyane gukura.Kuraho n'intoki amatsinda y'indabyo nyinshi cyane kugira ngo imbuto zikure neza.
3. Kurwanya udukoko n'indwara. Indwara zikunze kugaragara ku mango zirimo anthracnose, ifu y'umusemburo, na gummosis. Imiti ishobora gukoreshwa mu gukumira cyangwa kurwanya mbere cyangwa mu ntangiriro z'iyi ndwara. Kuri anthracnose, 80% ya mancozeb WP ku gipimo cya 400-600, cyangwa 70% ya thiophanate-methyl WP ku nshuro 1000-1500, cyangwa 50% ya benomyl WP ku nshuro 800-1000, cyangwa 25% ya mancozeb EC ku nshuro 2000-3000 irashobora gukoreshwa mu kurwanya. Kuri ifu y'umusemburo, 20% ya triadimefon EC ku nshuro 800 cyangwa 15% ya triadimefon WP ku nshuro 500 irashobora gukoreshwa. Kuri gummosis, igice cyarwaye gishobora gucibwa n'icyuma, kandi hagashyirwaho agakoresho ko gukiza no kurwanya ingese kugira ngo hafungwe igikomere. Shyira buri gihe firime nshya irimo amavuta menshi hanyuma utere 70% ya thiophanate-methyl WP ku kigero cy'inshuro 800.
Genda ku buryo umusaruro wiyongera. Mu gihe cy'indabyo z'imyembe mu mpeshyi, iyo habayeho imvura n'ubukonje, amatsinda y'indabyo atangira kurabya ashobora gukurwaho n'intoki, kandi ikigero cya miligarama 500 kuri litiro ya paclobutrazol gishobora gusukurwa kugira ngo gitinde igihe cyo kurabya. Iyo ikirere kimeze neza, ethylene ishobora gusukurwa kugira ngo ibiti bitere indabyo no kubuza amashami yariye cyane gukura. Kuraho amatsinda y'indabyo menshi cyane n'intoki kugira ngo imbuto zikure neza.
Kurwanya udukoko n'indwara. Indwara zikunze kugaragara ku mango zirimo anthracnose, ifu y'umusemburo, na gummosis. Imiti ishobora gukoreshwa mu gukumira cyangwa kurwanya mbere cyangwa mu ntangiriro z'iyi ndwara. Kuri anthracnose, 80% ya mancozeb WP ku gipimo cya 400-600, cyangwa 70% ya thiophanate-methyl WP ku nshuro 1000-1500, cyangwa 50% ya benomyl WP ku nshuro 800-1000, cyangwa 25% ya mancozeb EC ku nshuro 2000-3000 ishobora gukoreshwa mu kurwanya. Kuri ifu y'umusemburo, 20% ya triadimefon EC ku nshuro 800 cyangwa 15% ya triadimefon WP ku nshuro 500 ishobora gukoreshwa. Kuri gummosis, igice cyarwaye gishobora gucibwa n'icyuma, kandi hagashyirwaho agakoresho ko gukiza no kurwanya ingese kugira ngo hafungwe igikomere. Shyira buri gihe firime nshya irimo amavuta menshi hanyuma utere 70% ya thiophanate-methyl WP ku kigero cy'inshuro 800.
Udukoko tw’ingenzi turimo udukoko tw’ijoro, udukoko tw’amababi dufite umunwa ugororotse, udukoko two mu biti, n’udukoko tw’imbuto duto. Uretse gukoresha uburyo bwo kurwanya ubuhinzi n’ibinyabuzima, iyo imitsi yoroshye cyangwa amatsinda y’indabyo aturutse kuri santimetero 1 kugeza kuri 3, umuti wa 90% wa carbaryl crystal ku gipimo cya 1000 ushobora gukoreshwa mu gukumira no kurwanya. Tera umuti rimwe mu minsi 7 kugeza ku 10, hanyuma usubiremo iyi gahunda inshuro 2 kugeza kuri 3. Ku dukoko two mu biti, 30% bya carbaryl emulsifierable concentrate ku nshuro 80 kugeza ku 100 by’igipimo gishobora guterwa mu myobo, hanyuma ugafunga imyobo. Ku dukoko duto tw’imbuto, methyl eugenol ishobora gukoreshwa mu gufata no kwica. By’umwihariko, uduce duto twa kare tw’ibishishwa by’ibishishwa by’ibishishwa byinjijwe muri methyl eugenol n’umuti wa malathion wa 3% bimanikwa ku biti kugira ngo bifatirwe.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gicurasi-27-2026
