Ifumbire mvaruganda ku isi yose igera kuri toni miliyoni 290; Brezili, Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika n'Ubuhinde bitanga hafi 40% by'ifumbire mvaruganda ku isi yose

Ifumbire mvaruganda ni yo shingiro ry'umutekano w'ibiribwa. Imiterere y'ibihugu binini bitumizwa mu mahanga n'ibihuguifumbireUbwoko bagura bugaragaza neza imiterere n'imiterere y'umusaruro w'ubuhinzi ku isi.

I. Incamake y'Isi Yose: Ibicuruzwa byose bitumizwa mu mahanga bigera kuri toni miliyoni 290, aho abatumiza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga batatu ba mbere bagera kuri 40%

Mu 2024, ingano y'ifumbire mvaruganda itumizwa mu mahanga mu bihugu 168 n'uturere ku isi yose yari toni miliyoni 289. Imiterere y'ifumbire itumizwa mu mahanga igaragaza urwego rwo hejuru rw'ubwiyongere bw'ifumbire:

Brezili ya mbere ku isi mu gihugu cyatumije ifumbire mvaruganda nyinshi ku isi, ifite toni miliyoni 46.07 (15.9%);

hagakurikiraho Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika (hafi toni miliyoni 32.97, 11.4%) n'Ubuhinde (hafi toni miliyoni 32.40, 11.2%). Ibihugu bitatu bihuriweho bigizwe na 38.5% by'ibicuruzwa bivanwa ku isi;

Ibihugu icumi bya mbere byatumije ibicuruzwa byakusanyije toni miliyoni 171.90, bingana na 59.4% by'ibicuruzwa byose ku isi, bikaba bigize itsinda ry'abatumiza ibicuruzwa mu rwego rwa mbere rikwiye.

II. Ibihugu 100 n'uturere bya mbere hakurikijwe umubare w'ifumbire mvaruganda ku isi, 2024

Mu rwego rw'akarere, ifumbire mvaruganda ikenerwa cyane cyane mu bihugu bikomeye by'ubuhinzi n'ubukungu budafite umutungo uhagije.

III. Ikwirakwizwa ry'uturere: Icyitegererezo cy'impande eshatu hagati ya Aziya, Amerika y'Epfo n'Uburayi

Mu karere, ifumbire mvaruganda ikenerwa cyane cyane mu bihugu binini by’ubuhinzi n’ubukungu budafite umutungo uhagije.

Aziya niyo ifite umubare munini w’ibitumizwa mu mahanga biturutse ku baturage benshi mu Buhinde, mu Bushinwa no mu Majyepfo y’Amajyepfo ya Aziya, hamwe n’ubuhinzi bw’umuceri mwinshi n’ibihingwa bivangwa n’amafaranga. Muri Amerika y’Epfo, ubuhinzi bwa soya muri Brezili na Arijantine butuma habaho ifumbire mvaruganda ya azote, fosifore na potasiyumu ikenerwa cyane. Uburayi buhagarariwe n’Ubufaransa, Ubudage n’ibindi bihugu, bubona umubare munini w’ifumbire mvaruganda n’iy’amazi.

IV. Uruvange rw'ibicuruzwa: Ubwoko 5 bw'ifumbire mvaruganda kuri buri gihugu mu bihugu 20 byinjiza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga

Incamake y'amagambo ahinnye:

Muriate ya Potashi; Urea; Fosfate ya Diammonium; Fosfate ya Monoammonium; Ifumbire ya NPK; Sulfate ya Ammonium; Igisubizo cya Ammonium Nitrate; Kalisiyumu Ammonium Nitrate; Ammonium Nitrate; Sulfate ya Potashi; Ammonium Anhydrous; Fosfate Rock; Sulfate eshatu; Superphosphate imwe.

V. Ibisobanuro bishingiye ku makuru: Ingingo enye zo kwita ku nganda

1. Ifumbire mvaruganda ya Potash (MOP) iza ku isonga mu ifumbire mvaruganda iva mu mahanga ku isi

Mu bihugu 20 bya mbere bitumiza ibicuruzwa, Muriate of Potash (MOP) igaragara ku rutonde rwa 5 rwa mbere mu bihugu byinshi kandi ifata umwanya wa mbere muri Brezili, Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, Indoneziya, Ubushinwa, Maleziya, Ububiligi n'ahandi. Ibi bigaragaza imiterere y'ikwirakwizwa ry'umutungo wa potash ku isi ndetse n'uburyo ibihugu byinshi bikomeye by'ubuhinzi bikoresha potash.

2. Urea niyo ifumbire mvaruganda ya azote ituruka mu mahanga cyane

Urea igaragara kenshi (inshuro 17) mu rutonde 5 rwa mbere rw'ibi bihugu 20 kandi iza ku mwanya wa mbere muri Ositaraliya, Tayilande, Türkiye, Megizike, Polonye, ​​Ubwongereza, Esipanye n'ahandi. Ni yo fumbire mvaruganda ya azote ihendutse kandi ni yo igurishwa cyane mu bucuruzi mpuzamahanga.

3. Kubaho hamwe kwa ammonium phosphate (DAP/MAP) na fosfeti rock (PR) bigaragaza itandukaniro mu miyoboro yo gutunganya

Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, Kanada na Ositaraliya bishimira gutumiza Monoammonium Phosphate (MAP). Ubuhinde, Türkiye, Ububiligi, Repubulika ya Koreya n'ibindi bihugu bitumiza ingano nini ya fosfeti (PR) nk'ibiribwa byo gutunganywa mu nganda. Bangladesh, Ubuhinde na Kanada bitumiza Diammonium Phosphate (DAP). Ibi bigaragaza itandukaniro riri hagati y'inganda n'urwego rw'inganda hagati y'"gutumiza ibikoresho fatizo mu mahanga" no "gutumiza ibicuruzwa byarangiye mu mahanga".

3. Ifumbire mvaruganda ya Urea-Ammonium Nitrate (UAN) n'ifumbire mvaruganda ya NPK bigaragaza urwego rw'ubuhinzi bunoze

4. Umuti wa Urea-Ammonium Nitrate (UAN) ugaragara cyane mu rutonde rwa 5 rwa mbere rw’Ubufaransa, Ubwongereza, Ububiligi, Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika n’ibindi bihugu by’Iburengerazuba, ugaragaza uburyo bwo gukoresha imashini n’ifumbire y’amazi. Ifumbire mvaruganda ya NPK ifite uruhare runini muri Esipanye, Polonye, ​​Ubwongereza, Tayilande, Indoneziya n’ahandi, bigaragaza ko hari icyerekezo cyo gucunga neza hakoreshejwe "ifumbire isanzwe".

VI. Umwanzuro

Dukurikije imibare yo mu 2024, ifumbire mvaruganda itumizwa ku isi irangwa no "gutegekwa n'ibihugu bike binini n'uruvange rw'ibicuruzwa bizwi neza". Brezili, Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika n'Ubuhinde bigira hafi 40% by'ibicuruzwa byose bitumizwa mu mahanga. Potashi na urea bikora nk'ibicuruzwa by'ingenzi; ammonium phosphate / phosphate-rock itumizwa mu mahanga igizwe n'igabanywa ry'uruhererekane rw'ibitunganywa; ifumbire y'amazi n'iy'ibikomoka ku ruganda bigaragaza urwego rw'iterambere ry'ubuhinzi bunoze.

Ku bigo bitumiza no kohereza ifumbire mvaruganda, abacuruzi n'abashakashatsi mu nganda, gusobanukirwa ibyo ibihugu bitumiza n'ibyo bikunda ndetse n'ibipimo by'amasoko y'ifumbire mvaruganda bitanga ibimenyetso by'ingenzi mu gushyiraho ingamba z'isoko no gutegura imiterere y'uruhererekane rw'ibicuruzwa.