Vuba aha, Ikigo cy'Igihugu gishinzwe Ikoranabuhanga mu Buhinzi, ku bufatanye n'Ikigo cyaKurinda ibimeraIshuri Rikuru ry’Ubuhinzi ry’Abashinwa n’indi miryango, ryateguye kandi risohora "Ubuyobozi bwa Tekiniki bwo Gukoresha Imodoka Zitagira Abapilote mu Buhinzi mu Kurwanya Udukoko n’Indwara z’Ibigori". Intego ni ukunoza urwego rwa siyansi n’urutonde rw’ikoreshwa ry’Imodoka Zitagira Abapilote mu Buhinzi mu Gukumira no Kurwanya Udukoko n’Indwara z’Ibigori, no gukemura ibibazo mu Gukumira no Kurwanya Udukoko n’Indwara mu Kigero cyo Hagati n’Icya Nyuma cy’Ibigori.
Ubuyobozi bwa tekiniki ku ikoreshwa ry'ibinyabiziga bikoresha ubuhinzi bitagira abapilote mu kirere kuriKurwanya udukokono gukumira indwara z'ibigori n'udukoko twinshi
Nk’uko Ikigo cy’Igihugu gishinzwe Ikoranabuhanga mu Buhinzi cyabiteganyaga, muri 2026, indwara z’ibigori n’udukoko muri rusange bizaba bikomeye mu gihugu. Muri byo, udukoko nk’udukoko two mu bwoko bwa “farmers borries”, “cotton borlworms”, n’udukoko twitwa “stick dusters” tuzagaragara cyane mu turere tumwe na tumwe two mu majyaruguru y’uburasirazuba bw’Ubushinwa no mu kibaya cya “Yellow-Huaihai”. Indwara yo kubora kw’ibishishwa izaba ifite ibyago byinshi byo kongera kugaragara mu kibaya cya “Yellow-Huaihai”, mu majyepfo y’uburengerazuba bw’Ubushinwa, no mu majyaruguru y’uburasirazuba bw’Ubushinwa.
1. Guhitamo neza ibikoresho byo kugenzura
(1) Kwibanda ku gihe gikwiye cyo kwirinda. Ukurikije igihe indwara n'udukoko by'ibigori byagaragaye, ubwoko bwabyo, n'uburemere bwabyo, menya udukoko twibasiwe n'ingenzi n'igihe gikwiye cyo kwirinda ukurikije imiterere y'aho utuye.
Kuva mu gihe cyo gusarura amatwi menshi kugeza mu gihe cyo gukuramo intanga, akarere k'amajyaruguru y'uburasirazuba kibanda ku gukumira no kurwanya udukoko n'indwara nka borer y'ibigori, aphids, udukoko tw'amababi dufite amabara abiri, indwara y'amabara menshi, n'indwara y'amabara y'umukara; akarere ka Huaihai kibanda ku gukumira no kurwanya udukoko n'indwara nka borer y'ibigori, udukoko dufatana, indwara yo kubora kw'ibitugu, indwara y'ingufu zo mu majyepfo, n'indwara y'amabara mato; akarere k'amajyaruguru y'uburengerazuba kibanda ku gukumira no kurwanya udukoko n'indwara nka borer y'ibigori, udukoko dufatana, udukoko dutukura, udukoko tw'amabara maremare dufite amabara abiri, indwara yo kubora kw'ibitugu, n'indwara y'amabara menshi; akarere k'amajyepfo y'uburengerazuba kibanda ku gukumira no kurwanya udukoko n'indwara nka borer y'ibyatsi, borer y'ibigori, udukoko dufatana, indwara yo kubora kw'ibitugu, n'indwara y'amabara menshi.
Kuva ku cyiciro cyo kurema ibinyampeke kugeza ku cyiciro cy'amata, mu karere k'Amajyaruguru y'Uburasirazuba, kurwanya udukoko ahanini bibanda ku bigori, udusimba, udusimba tw'amababi dufite amabara abiri, indwara z'udusimba, indwara zikomeye z'amabara, n'indwara z'amabara y'umukara; mu karere ka Huang-Huai-Hai, bibanda cyane ku bigori, udusimba tw'amapera, inzoka z'ipamba, indwara z'udusimba, indwara z'ingufu zo mu majyepfo, n'indwara z'amabara mato; mu karere k'Amajyaruguru y'Uburengerazuba, bibanda cyane ku bigori bikomoka ku nzige, udusimba tw'amabara y'umutuku, udusimba tw'amababi dufite amabara abiri, indwara z'udusimba, indwara zikomeye z'amabara; mu karere k'Amajyepfo y'Uburengerazuba, bibanda ku bigori bikomoka ku nzige, udusimba tw'amababi, indwara z'amabara y'umukara, n'indwara z'amabara y'umukara.
(2) Hitamo imiti yica udukoko ikwiye. Mu rwego rwo gukumira no kurwanya udukoko nk'udukoko tw'icyatsi kibisi, agakoko gafatana, n'udukoko tw'ibigori, imiti yica udukoko igomba gukoreshwa mu gihe cy'udukoko tw'ibihumyo ikiri nto. Imiti yica udukoko ikwiriye irimo Bacillus thuringiensis, chlorpyrifos-methyl, methamidophos-aminobenzoate, na ethyl polyhydroxybenzyl imidazoline. Mu rwego rwo kurwanya aphids, imiti yica udukoko igomba gukoreshwa mu gihe cy'icyorezo cya mbere. Imiti yica udukoko ikwiriye irimo thiamethoxam, thiamethionam, na imidacloprid. Mu rwego rwo kurwanya peach borer na cotton bollworm, imiti yica udukoko igomba gukoreshwa mu gihe cy'udukoko tw'ibihumyo ikiri nto. Imiti yica udukoko ikwiriye irimo tetra-cyanothiamamide, chlorpyrifos-methyl, methamidophos-aminobenzoate, na cypermethrin. Mu rwego rwo kurwanya indwara nk'indwara y'amabara menshi, indwara y'amabara mato, ingese y'amajyepfo, n'indwara y'amabara y'umukara, imiti yica udukoko igomba gukoreshwa mu gihe cy'icyorezo cya mbere. Imiti yica udukoko ikwiriye irimo flufurafos-dimethylamine, pyrazofamet, cipcon-pyrimidinethione, na oxamoxazin-pentazole. Ku mirima yangiritse cyane, ishobora kongera gukoreshwa nyuma y'iminsi 7-10. Kugira ngo hagenzurwe indwara yo kubora mu matwi, imiti yica udukoko igomba gukoreshwa mu gihe cy'icyorezo cya mbere. Imiti yica udukoko ikwiriye irimo pyrazofamet, flufurafos-dimethylamine, na ethylate. Byongeye kandi, mu gihe cyo gukora "spray imwe yo guteza imbere byinshi", hashobora kongerwamo imiti igenzura imikurire y'ibimera kugira ngo harusheho kubaho ubuzima bwiza bw'ibihingwa by'ibigori no gukumira gusaza imburagihe no gutuma umusaruro wiyongera.
II. Guhitamo ifishi ikwiye y'igipimo no kongeramo ibikoresho byo kuvanga mu gikoresho
(1) Hitamo ifishi ikwiye y’umuti ukoreshwa mu buryo bwa siyansi. Imiterere y’umuti ukoreshwa mu buhinzi irimo imiti ikoreshwa mu gutera imiti, imiti ikoreshwa mu gutera amavuta, imiti ikoreshwa mu mazi, imiti ikoreshwa mu gutera imiti, imiti ikoreshwa mu gutera imiti, imiti ikoreshwa mu gutera imiti, imiti ikoreshwa mu gutera imiti, imiti ikoreshwa mu gutera imiti, imiti ikoreshwa mu gutera imiti, imiti ikoreshwa mu gutera imiti, imiti ikoreshwa mu gutera imiti. Ifu n’ifu ikoreshwa mu gutera imiti ikoreshwa mu gutera imiti ntibihuye neza. Mu gihe uvanga imiti myinshi yica udukoko, ni byiza kuyishyiramo muri ubu buryo bukurikira: amazi – imiti ikomeye (ifite imiti ikoreshwa mu gutera imiti) – imiti ikoreshwa mu gutera imiti (ifite imiti ikoreshwa mu gutera imiti, imiti ikoreshwa mu gutera imiti) – imiti ikoreshwa mu gutera imiti (ifite imiti ikoreshwa mu gutera imiti). Nyuma yo kongeramo imiti, menya neza ko uvanga neza kugira ngo ubone umuti uhamye, udashonga kandi utavanguye mbere yo kongeramo umuti ukurikira. Ibi birinda ko habaho uduce duto, kuziba k’umunwa, cyangwa kugabanya ubushobozi bw’imiti.
(2) Gushyiraho uburyo bwo gushyiramo inyongeramusaruro mu ndobo. Mbere yo gukora igikorwa cyo gutera imiti, ingano ikwiye y’inyongeramusaruro mu ndobo igomba kongerwamo umuti wica udukoko kugira ngo wongere imikorere yawo, utere imbere gutemba kw’ibitonyanga, ugabanye igihombo giterwa n’amazi, wongere ubudahangarwa n’isuri n’imvura, kandi wongere neza ingaruka zo kugenzura. Hagomba kwitabwaho gukoresha inyongeramusaruro zidasanzwe mu gutera imiti mu kirere, kandi hagomba kwitabwaho niba umuti wica udukoko ukoreshwa uhura n’imiti. Kwirinda ko umuti wica udukoko unanirwa cyangwa ingaruka mbi. Muri rusange, inyongeramusaruro igomba kongerwamo ku kigero cya 0.5% - 1% by’ingano y’amazi atera imiti. Ingano y’inyongeramusaruro ishobora guhindurwa neza hakurikijwe ubwoko bw’inyongeramusaruro, ingano y’umuti wica udukoko, n’aho ukorera.
III. Kuzuza ibisabwa byose mu gutera umuti mu kirere.
(1) Ahantu ho gukorera. Kora ibikorwa byo gutera imiti yica udukoko ukoresheje indege zitagira abapilote mu buhinzi ahantu hafunguye kandi hafite umwuka mwiza. Mbere yo gutera imiti, kora iperereza ku bidukikije by'aho gutera imiti, umenye umupaka w'aho gutera imiti, usuzume neza ingaruka zishobora kubaho, kandi wirinde ko ibitonyanga by'imiti yica udukoko byangiza ibinyabuzima bitari ibyabo ndetse n'ibyangiza imyaka mu gace kayikikije. Muri metero 200 uvuye aho gutera imiti, nta bimera bitanga imiti ihumanya bigomba kuba bihari.
(2) Ahantu hakorerwa. Mu gihe cyo gukoresha imiti yica udukoko, umuvuduko w'umuyaga mu bidukikije ugomba kuba munsi ya 3 (≤ 3.4 m/s), kandi ubushyuhe bw'ibidukikije bugomba kuba hagati ya 15℃ na 30℃. Buri gace gashobora kugena igihe gikwiye cyo gukoresha hashingiwe ku miterere nyayo, kandi kagomba kwirinda igihe kiri hejuru ya 30℃. Iyo hari igihu kinini cyangwa ikime, gukoresha imiti yica udukoko bigomba gukorwa nyuma yuko igihu n'ikime bishize.
4. Shyiraho ibipimo by'imikorere mu buryo bukwiye
(1) Ibipimo by'ibanze by'imikorere. Ibipimo byo gutera imiti mu ndege zitandukanye zitagira abapilote mu buhinzi biratandukanye. Ibintu nk'ingano y'indege, umuyaga umanuka, igihe ibigori bikura, n'ubwoko bw'udukoko n'indwara bigomba kugenzurwa bigomba gusuzumwa neza. Ibipimo byo gutera imiti bikwiye bigomba gushyirwaho kugira ngo habeho gutera imiti ku buryo bumwe, nta gutera imiti irenze urugero cyangwa ngo habeho gutera imiti idafite akamaro, nta gutakaza amazi menshi, kandi nta kwangirika kw'ibimera. Mbere yo gutera imiti ku bwinshi, hagomba gukorwa ibizamini by'uburyo ibintu bihagaze neza kandi bihamye. Uko umutwaro w'indege wiyongera, uburebure bw'indege bugomba kuzamurwa neza, kandi umuvuduko w'indege ukagabanuka bihagije.
(2) Uburyo butandukanye bwo gukora mu bihe bitandukanye by'ikirere. Mu gihe cyo gukoresha imiti yica udukoko, inzira n'ibipimo by'imikorere bigomba guhindurwa hakurikijwe imiterere nyayo nk'umuvuduko w'umuyaga n'icyerekezo, kandi gahunda y'ibikorwa igomba guhindurwa hakurikijwe imiterere y'aho hantu. Kugira ngo ugabanye guhindagurika kw'umuyaga uterwa n'imiyaga, icyerekezo cy'indege gishobora gushyirwa hamwe n'icyerekezo cy'umuyaga. Kugira ngo wongere uburyo umuti wica udukoko ushyirwamo, iyo icyerekezo cy'indege gihabanye n'icyerekezo cy'umuyaga, umuvuduko w'indege ushobora kugabanuka uko bikwiye; iyo icyerekezo cy'indege kingana n'icyerekezo cy'umuyaga, umuvuduko w'indege ushobora kwiyongera uko bikwiye.
(3) Ibipimo byo gukoresha kuva ku munwa munini kugeza ku cyiciro cyo gutera imiti. Iki cyiciro ni ingenzi cyane mu kurwanya udukoko n'indwara mu bigori. Umurima utwikiriwe n'ibimera byinshi, kandi igikorwa kigomba kwemeza ko umuti wica udukoko ukwirakwira kimwe ndetse n'umutekano w'ibimera. Birabujijwe cyane gukoresha imiti yica udukoko mu gihe cyo gutera imiti no mu gihe cyo kurabya kugira ngo hirindwe ko habaho ingaruka mbi ku isuku y'ibimera. Ku ndege zikora imiti myinshi ifite ubushobozi bwo gutwara 50L kugeza 70L, mu bice bihingwa bifite ubucucike bw'ibimera 4500 kugeza 8000 kuri hegitari, ibipimo byo gukoresha imiti ni ingano y'imiti yica udukoko iri hagati ya 2L na 2.5L/hegitari, uburebure bwo kuguruka hagati ya 3.5m kugeza 4m, n'umuvuduko wo kuguruka hagati ya 3m/s na 5m/s; Mu duce duhingwamo ibimera 4000 kugeza 4500 kuri hegitari, ibipimo byiza byo gukoresha ni ingano y'imiti yica udukoko iri hagati ya 1.5L/hegitari na 2L/hegitari, uburebure bwo kuguruka bwa metero 3.5 kugeza 4, n'umuvuduko wo kuguruka wa metero 3 kugeza 5m/sekondi.
(4) Ibipimo by'imikorere kuva ku cyiciro cyo kurema ibigori kugeza ku cyiciro cy'amata. Muri iki gihe, ibihingwa by'ibigori biba bitwikiriye cyane kandi ibishishwa bipfunyitse neza. Drone y'ubuhinzi igomba kwirinda kuguruka ku butumburuke buri hasi cyane cyangwa ku muvuduko mwinshi cyane, kuko ibi bishobora gutuma imiti yica udukoko cyangwa kwangirika kwayo bidahagije. Ku ndege zikora indege nyinshi zifite umutwaro wa 50L - 70L, mu duce duhingwamo ibimera 4500 - 8000 kuri hegitari, ibipimo by'imikorere byiza ni ingano y'imiti yica udukoko ya 2.5L / hegitari - 3.5L / hegitari, uburebure bwo kuguruka bwa 3.5m - 4m, n'umuvuduko wo kuguruka wa 3m / s - 5m / s; Mu duce duhingwamo ibimera 4000 – 4500 kuri hegitari, ibipimo byiza byo gukoresha ni ingano y’imiti yica udukoko ya 2L/hegitari – 3L/hegitari, uburebure bwo kuguruka bwa 3.5m – 4m, n’umuvuduko wo kuguruka wa 3m/s – 5m/sekondi.
Byongeye kandi, mu gihe cyo gutegura umuti utera ingaruka nyinshi mu ndobo, hagomba kubanza gukorwa ikizamini cyo kugabanya ubukana bw'umuti kugira ngo harebwe ko nta ngaruka zifatika cyangwa za shimi zibaho nko gushyira mu byiciro, gukurura, cyangwa kugwa kw'amazi. Nyuma yo kwemeza ko nta ngaruka zihari, ni bwo kurwanya udukoko mu buryo bunini bishobora gukorwa.
V. Gushyira mu bikorwa gahunda yo gukoresha imiti yica udukoko mu buryo buboneye
(1) Kugenzura impamyabushobozi z'abakozi n'uburinzi bw'umutekano. Abakozi bagomba kugira ibyangombwa byemewe kandi bakambara ibikoresho byo kwirinda; gushyiraho uburyo bwo gucunga umutekano mu gace runaka. Mu gihe indege zihaguruka n'izigwa, bagomba kwirinda inzitizi, imirongo ifite ingufu nyinshi n'abantu, bagakomeza kugira intera itekanye.
(2) Gukora igenzura ry’ubuziranenge mbere yo gutera. Mbere yo gutera, hashobora gushyirwa amakarita yo gupima ubucucike bw’ibitonyanga ku bihingwa by’ibigori mbere y’igihe kugira ngo hamenyekane ubucucike bw’ibitonyanga no gusuzuma ubuziranenge bw’imikorere yo gutera; kugira ngo harebwe ubwiza bw’imikorere n’ingaruka zo kugenzura kuva ku gice kinini cy’amatwi kugeza ku ishoka, no kuva ku iremwa ry’ibinyampeke kugeza ku gihe cyo gukura kw’amata, ni byiza ko ubucucike bw’ibitonyanga buba≥Ibitonyanga 30 kuri santimetero kare imwe.
(3) Kugenzura neza umutekano w’aho hantu. Mu gihe cyo gutera imiti yica udukoko, abakozi bose bagomba gushyirwa mu cyerekezo cy’umuyaga uzamuka aho batera imiti kandi babujijwe cyane kunyura mu gace batera imiti yica udukoko; umukozi ntagomba kurya, kunywa itabi, cyangwa guhamagara terefone; bagomba guhora bareba indege itagira umuvuduko w’ubuhinzi n’icyuma gitwara abagenzi (remote control) igihe cyose. Mu gihe habaye ikibazo, bagomba kubikora vuba; nta muntu wemerewe kugenda mu gace batera indege n’ako bagwamo kugira ngo adakomeretsa abakozi.
(4) Gushyiraho uburyo bwo gusuzuma nyuma yo kubagwa. Nyuma yo kurangiza igikorwa cyo gutera imiti yica udukoko, ahantu hatatewe imiti kubera imbogamizi cyangwa impande, hagomba gukorwa uburyo bwo kongera gutera imiti ku gihe; gusukura no kubungabunga udusanduku tw’imiti yica udukoko, imiyoboro, nibindi, no gutanga imyanda yo gupakira mu iduka ry’ubucuruzi cyangwa aho imyanda ipakirwa isubiramo; gusuzuma buri gihe ingaruka zo kurwanya udukoko n’indwara no gusuzuma ubwiza bw’imikorere yo gutera imiti yica udukoko.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kamena-15-2026
