Imibu iba hano buri mwaka, umuntu yayirinda ate? Kugira ngo wirinde gutotezwa n'ibi biremwa binyunyuza amaraso, abantu bakomeje gushyiraho ingamba zitandukanye zo kubirwanya. Kuva ku kwirwanaho bidakora nk'inzitiramibu n'amadirishya, kugeza ku bitero bikomeye birimoimiti yica udukokon'imiti yica imibu, imiti ikoreshwa mu gutera udukoko idakora neza ariko ikunzwe cyane, ku muti uherutse gukwirakwira - umukandara wo ku kuboko wica imibu - uri mu cyiciro gitandukanye, ni irihe muri aya matsinda rishobora kugera ku mutekano n'imikorere nyayo?
1.Pyrethroid——Igikoresho gikomeye cyo kurimbura abantu
Uburyo bwo guhangana n'imibu bushobora kugabanywamo ibice bibiri: gukuraho imibu mu buryo bufatika no kwirinda kudakoresha imiti. Muri byo, ishuri rishinzwe gukuraho imibu mu buryo bufatika rifite amateka maremare kandi ingaruka zaryo ziragaragara. Mu miti ikoreshwa mu kwirukana imibu mu ngo nka za mibu zikoreshwa mu buryo bukoresha amashanyarazi, amashuka y'imibu ikoreshwa mu buryo bushyushye, amazi y'umubu ukoresha amashanyarazi, n'imiti yica udukoko ikoresheje aerosol, ibintu by'ingenzi bikora ni pyrethroids. Ni umuti wica udukoko mu buryo bwagutse ushobora kurwanya udukoko dutandukanye kandi ukagira ingaruka zikomeye zo kwica. Uburyo ukoresha ni uguhungabanya uburyo bwo kumva bw'udukoko, bigatuma tuva mu gushyuha, gucika intege no gupfa. Mu gukoresha imiti ikoreshwa mu kwirukana imibu, kugira ngo wice imibu neza, ubusanzwe ni ngombwa kugumana ibidukikije byo mu nzu mu buryo bufunze kugira ngo hakomeze kubaho urwego ruhamye rwa pyrethroids.
Akamaro kagaragara cyane k'imiti ya pyrethroids ni ubushobozi bwayo bwo hejuru. Ishobora kwica imibu ifite urugero ruto. Nubwo pyrethroids ishobora gushyirwa mu mubiri no gusohoka nyuma yo guhumeka n'umubiri w'umuntu, iracyafite uburozi buke kandi ishobora kugira ingaruka zimwe na zimwe ku mitsi y'umuntu. Kuyikoresha igihe kirekire bishobora gutera ibimenyetso nko kuzungera, kuribwa umutwe, kumva imitsi idasanzwe, ndetse no guhagarara kw'imitsi. Kubwibyo, iyo ukoresheje imiti yica imibu mu gihe usinziriye, ni byiza kutayishyira hafi y'igitanda kugira ngo wirinde guhumeka umwuka ufite pyrethroids nyinshi cyane kandi bigatera ingaruka mbi.
Byongeye kandi, imiti yica udukoko ikoresheje aerosol ikunze kuba irimo ibintu bihumura nabi. Abantu bafite ubwivumbure bagomba kwitonda iyo bakoresha imiti yica udukoko ikoresheje aerosol. Urugero, nyuma yo gutera imiti ku rugero rukwiye, sohoka mu cyumba ako kanya ufunge inzugi n'amadirishya. Tegereza amasaha make mbere yo kugaruka gufungura amadirishya kugira ngo umwuka uhumeke. Muri ubu buryo, uburyo bwo kwica imibu n'umutekano bishobora kwemezwa.
Dukurikije ingingo zijyanye n'amategeko agenga "Amabwiriza agenga imicungire y'imiti" mu gihugu, ikintu icyo ari cyo cyose cyo gukumira, gukuraho cyangwa kurwanya imibu, isazi, nibindi, kivuga ko bigira ingaruka zo "kwica imibu" cyangwa "kwica imibu" kigomba kugira inomero y'icyemezo cyo kwiyandikisha ku miti yica udukoko no gushyira ikimenyetso ku ipaki. Kubwibyo, hano turasaba ko mu gihe ugura imiti yica imibu cyangwa imiti yica udukoko, buri wese agomba kuba ashobora kumenya inomero y'icyemezo cyo kwiyandikisha ku miti yica udukoko.
Muri iki gihe, imiti yica udukoko ya pyrethroid ikunze kuboneka ku isoko cyane cyane irimo tetrafluoroethyl pyrethroid na chlorofluoroethyl pyrethroid. Ubushakashatsi bwagaragaje ko chlorofluoroethyl pyrethroid igira akamaro kanini mu kurimbura imibu kurusha tetrafluoroethyl pyrethroid, ariko tetrafluoroethyl pyrethroid ifite umutekano mu bijyanye n'umutekano. Kubwibyo, iyo uguze imiti irwanya imibu, umuntu ashobora guhitamo ikintu runaka bitewe n'abayikoresha. Ku miryango idafite abana, imiti irimo chlorofluoroethyl pyrethroid igira akamaro kanini; niba hari abana mu muryango, noneho imiti irimo tetrafluoroethyl pyrethroid niyo ifite umutekano.
2. Imiti itera udukoko n'imiti itera imibu——Irakurinda ibeshya impumuro y'imibu
Nyuma yo kuvuga ku kwica umuntu ugamije kwirwanaho, reka noneho turebere hamwe uburyo bwo kwirinda umuntu udafite icyo akora. Iri shuri risa n'iry'igitabo cyitwa "Golden Bell Cover, Iron Shirt" mu bitabo bya Jin Yong. Ntabwo rihura n'imibu ahubwo rikoresha uburyo bumwe na bumwe kugira ngo riturinde "inyamaswa zinyunyuza amaraso" no kuzitandukanya n'abandi hanze y'ahantu hatekanye.
Muri byo, imiti yica udukoko n'imiti yica imibu ni byo bintu by'ingenzi biyigize. Ihame ryabo ryo kuyitera umuti ni ukuyitera ku ruhu no ku myenda, hakoreshejwe impumuro mbi imibu yanga cyangwa gukora urwego ruyirinda uruhu kugira ngo ibangamiye impumuro y'imibu, ikayirinda guhumurirwa n'impumuro yihariye iva mu mubiri w'umuntu, bityo ikaba yagera ku ngaruka zo kwigizayo imibu kure.
Abantu benshi bemera ko spray y'amazi y'indabyo, ifite n'ingaruka zo "kwirukana imibu", ari impumuro nziza ikozwe mu mavuta y'amazi y'indabyo nk'ikintu cy'ingenzi gihumura neza ndetse n'inzoga n'ibindi bintu. Imirimo yayo y'ingenzi ni ugukuraho umwanda, kwica bagiteri, gukumira ubushyuhe no kugabanya ubushyuhe. Nubwo ishobora no kugira ingaruka zimwe na zimwe ku mibu, ugereranije n'imiti itera udukoko n'amazi atera imibu, haba mu buryo ikora n'ibiyigize by'ingenzi, biratandukanye rwose, kandi byombi ntibishobora gukoreshwa kimwe.
3. Imikandara yo ku kuboko yirukana imibu n'udupira twirukana imibu——Niba bigira akamaro cyangwa bidakora biterwa n'ibintu by'ingenzi bigize
Mu myaka ya vuba aha, ubwoko bw'ibicuruzwa byica imibu ku isoko bwarushijeho kuba butandukanye. Ibikoresho byinshi byica imibu byambarwa nka patches zica imibu, imikandara ica imibu, amasaha yica imibu, imikandara yo ku kuboko, n'imikandara ica imibu byakunzwe cyane n'abantu benshi, cyane cyane ababyeyi b'abana, kuko bidasaba ko bikora ku ruhu. Ibi bicuruzwa akenshi bifatanye n'umubiri kandi bigakoresha impumuro y'umuti isohoka kugira ngo bikore urwego rurinda umubiri, bibangamira impumuro y'imibu, bityo bikagera ku ntego yo kwirukana imibu.
Mu gihe uguze ubwoko bw'imiti yica imibu, uretse kureba nomero y'imiti yica udukoko, ni ngombwa kandi kugenzura niba irimo ibintu bikora neza kandi ugahitamo ibikoresho bifite ibikoresho n'ingano ikwiye hakurikijwe uko ikoreshwa n'umukoresha ugenewe.
Muri iki gihe, ibintu bine byizewe kandi bifite akamaro byirukana imibu byanditswe n'Ikigo gishinzwe kurengera ibidukikije muri Amerika (EPA) kandi bigasabwa n'Ikigo gishinzwe kurwanya no gukumira indwara muri Amerika (CDC) ni: DEET, Picaridin, IR3535/Immergen, n'Amavuta ya Eucalyptus y'indimu (OLE) cyangwa ikiyikomokaho, Lemon Eucalyptol (PMD). Muri byo, bitatu bya mbere ni imiti ikoreshwa mu buhanga, mu gihe icya nyuma ari igice gishingiye ku bimera. Mu bijyanye n'imikorere myiza, DEET irakora cyane kandi imara igihe kirekire, Picaridin na IR3535/Immergen biza bikurikiraho, kandi igihe cyo kwirinda Amavuta ya Eucalyptus y'indimu ni gito cyane.
Mu rwego rw'umutekano, kubera ko DEET ifite ububabare ku ruhu, muri rusange turasaba ko abana bahitamo ibikoresho bifite ubunini bwa DEET buri munsi ya 10%. Ku bana bari munsi y'amezi 6, ibikoresho birimo DEET ntibikwiye gukoreshwa. IR3535/Immergen nta ngaruka mbi z'uburozi igira ku ruhu kandi ntiyinjira mu ruhu, kandi ubu izwi nk'umuti wica imibu ushobora gukoreshwa buri munsi. Amavuta ya Eucalyptus y'indimu ashobora gukurwa mu bintu karemano kandi ni meza kandi ntatera ububabare ku ruhu, ariko terpene na aliphatic hydrocarbon irimo bishobora gutera allergie. Kubwibyo, mu bihugu byinshi by'i Burayi na Amerika, ntabwo byemewe ku bana bari munsi y'imyaka 3.
4. Ku bagore batwite n'abana bato——Ni byiza cyane gukoresha uburyo bwo kwirukana imibu mu buryo bwizewe kandi bufite akamaro
Byaba ari imiti yica imibu, amazi yica imibu cyangwa utundi duce twica imibu, byose ni ibya imiti yica imibu. Nubwo uburyo bwo kwica imibu bufite akamaro kandi bworoshye, ku bagore batwite n'abana bari munsi y'amezi atandatu, birakwiye gukoresha uburyo bwizewe bwo kwica imibu.
Muri iki gihe, ibikoresho byifashishwa mu kwirukana imibu biri ku isoko ahanini birimo amatara yirukana imibu n'ibikoresho bikoresha amashanyarazi. Imiterere y'ibikoresho bisa n'umukingo wa tenisi, kandi hari amashanyarazi akomeye hagati y'insinga z'icyuma. Mu gukurura "umukingo", imibu idafite amahirwe ikora ku nsinga izahita ifatwa n'amashanyarazi. Ariko, bitewe n'amashanyarazi, ni byiza ko abantu bakuru bayikoresha. Itara ryirukana imibu rikoresha uburyo bwo gukurura imibu kugira ngo riyikurure, riyiheshe imbaraga, ifatirwemo, cyangwa ifatwe n'amashanyarazi, amaherezo ikama ikapfa. Decibel ikora y'itara ryirukana imibu ni ntoya, kandi muri rusange ntabwo igira ingaruka ku gusinzira. Igipimo cy'umutekano kiri hejuru, ariko ni ngombwa kumenya ko rigomba gushyirwa ahantu abana badashobora kugera.
Igihe cyo kohereza ubutumwa: Gicurasi-14-2026
