Urashaka ubundi buryo bwo kwica udukoko twa neonicotinoid?Alejandro Calixto, umuyobozi wa Porogaramu ishinzwe kurwanya udukoko twangiza kaminuza ya Cornell University, yavuze bimwe mu bitekerezo mu ruzinduko rw’ibihingwa ruheruka kwakirwa n’ishyirahamwe ry’abahinzi borozi bo muri New York hamwe na Soya mu murima wa Rodman Lott & Sons.
Calixto yagize ati: "Kurwanya udukoko twangiza ni ingamba zishingiye kuri siyansi yibanda ku gukumira igihe kirekire icyorezo cy’ibyonnyi cyangwa ibyangiritse hifashishijwe ingamba."
Abona umurima nk'ibinyabuzima bifitanye isano n'ibidukikije, buri gace kagira ingaruka ku kindi.Ariko ibi nabyo ntabwo ari igisubizo cyihuse.
Yavuze ko gukemura ibibazo by’udukoko binyuze mu kurwanya udukoko twangiza bifata igihe.Ikibazo runaka kimaze gukemuka, akazi ntikarangira.
IPM ni iki?Ibi bishobora kuba bikubiyemo ibikorwa byubuhinzi, genetiki, imiti n’ibinyabuzima, hamwe n’imicungire y’imiturire.Inzira itangirana no kumenya udukoko, gukurikirana no guhanura ibyo byonnyi, guhitamo ingamba za IPM, no gusuzuma ibyavuye muri ibyo bikorwa.
Calixto yahamagaye abantu ba IPM bakoranye, maze bashiraho itsinda rimeze nka SWAT rirwanya udukoko nk'ibigori.
Calixto yagize ati: "Zifite gahunda muri kamere, zifatwa n'ingirangingo z'ibimera kandi zinyura mu mitsi."Ati: "Zishobora gukama amazi kandi iyo zishyizwe mubutaka zinjizwa n'ibimera.Iyi ni imiti yica udukoko ikoreshwa cyane ku isi, yibasira udukoko twinshi. ”
Ariko imikoreshereze yacyo nayo yabaye impaka, kandi leta ya neonicotinoide irashobora guhita itemewe i New York.Mu ntangiriro z'iki cyi, Inteko na Sena byemeje itegeko ryitwa ko rirengera inyoni n'inzuki, ryabuza gukoresha ikoreshwa ry'imbuto ziteye kuri neon muri Leta.Guverineri Kathy Hochul ntarashyira umukono ku mushinga w'itegeko, kandi ntibiramenyekana igihe azabikora.
Ibigori by'ibigori ubwabyo ni udukoko twangiza kuko bitumba byoroshye.Mugihe cyimpeshyi, isazi zikuze ziragaragara kandi zikororoka.Igitsina gore gitera amagi mu butaka, bagahitamo ahantu “ukunda”, nk'ubutaka burimo ibinyabuzima byangirika, imirima ifumbira ifumbire cyangwa igapfundikira ibihingwa, cyangwa aho ibihingwa bimwe na bimwe bihingwa.Inkoko zirisha imbuto zimaze kumera, harimo ibigori na soya.
Imwe muri zo ni ugukoresha “imitego ifata ubururu” mu murima.Amakuru yambere arimo gukorana na Cornell Kwagura umurima winzobere mu bihingwa Mike Stanyard yerekana ibara ryimitego ifite akamaro.
Umwaka ushize, abashakashatsi bo muri kaminuza ya Cornell bagenzuye imirima ku mirima 61 kugira ngo haboneke ibigori.Amakuru yerekanaga ko umubare wibigori byibigori byimbuto mu mutego wubururu wubururu byari hafi 500, mugihe umubare wibigori byibigori byimbuto mumitego yumuhondo wumuhondo waguye byari hejuru ya 100.
Ubundi buryo butanga ikizere neon ni ugushira imitego irigata mumirima.Calixto yavuze ko ibinyamisogwe by'ibigori bikurura cyane cyane ibinyomoro bisembuye, bikaba byari amahitamo meza kuruta ayandi mafi yapimwe (ibisigazwa bya alfalfa, ifunguro ry'amagufwa, ifunguro ry'amafi, ifumbire y'amata y'amazi, ifunguro ry'inyama hamwe n'ibikurura ibihimbano)..
Guteganya igihe imbuto y'ibigori y'ibigori izavuka birashobora gufasha abahinzi kumenya ibijyanye no kurwanya udukoko twangiza gahunda nziza.Kaminuza ya Cornell yateguye igikoresho cyo guhanura imbuto y'ibigori magne - newa.cornell.edu/seedcorn-maggot - ubu ni mubizamini bya beta.
Calixto yagize ati: "Ibi bifasha kumenya niba ukeneye gutumiza imbuto zavuwe mu gihe cy'izuba."
Ubundi buryo bwo kuvura imbuto ni imbuto zivuwe na methyl jasmonate, muri laboratoire ishobora gutera ibimera kwihanganira kugaburira ibigori.Amakuru yambere yerekana igabanuka rikabije ryumubare wibigori bifatika.
Ubundi buryo bwiza bushoboka burimo diamide, thiamethoxam, chlorantraniliprole, na spinosad.Amakuru yambere yerekana ko igenzura ryimbuto y ibigori igereranwa nibibanza bifite imbuto zitavuwe.
Uyu mwaka, itsinda rya Calixto rirangiza igerageza rya pariki hakoreshejwe methyl jasmonate kugirango hamenyekane igisubizo cyumutekano n’ibihingwa.
Ati: "Turashaka kandi ibifuniko."“Bimwe mu bitwikiriye ibihingwa bikurura imbuto y'ibigori.Nta tandukaniro ryinshi riri hagati yo gutera ibihingwa bitwikiriye none no kubitera mbere.Uyu mwaka turabona ibintu nk'ibyo, ariko ntituzi impamvu. ”
Umwaka utaha, itsinda rirateganya kwinjiza ibishushanyo bishya mumitego yo kugerageza no kwagura igikoresho gishobora guteza ahantu nyaburanga, guhinga ibihingwa, n'amateka y’udukoko kugira ngo tunoze icyitegererezo;ibigeragezo bya methyl jasmonate hamwe nubuvuzi gakondo bwimbuto hamwe nudukoko nka diamide na spinosad;no kugerageza gukoresha methyl jasmonate nkumuti wumye wibigori bikwiriye abahinzi.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Nzeri-14-2023