Ingaruka za gibberellin na nitrati ya potasiyumu, ndetse n'ingaruka z'isoko ry'umusaruro ku miterere ya fiziki y'imizabibu.

Mu nzabibu zo ku meza, harimo n'ubwoko bw'ingore bwa Siah-e-Samarkhandi, imiterere y'imbuto n'ingano y'imbuto ni ingenzi cyane. Ariko, guhinga iyi nzabibu bihura n'imbogamizi nyinshi, nko kugabanuka kw'imbuto z'inzabibu n'imbuto z'udukoko, bigatuma umusaruro ugabanuka n'agaciro kazo ku isoko. Kugabanuka kw'imbuto z'inzabibu ni ikibazo gikomeye ku bwoko bwa Siah-e-Samarkhandi. Kubwibyo, ubu bushakashatsi bwasuzumye ingaruka za 0, 30, 60, na 90 mg/L⁻¹ GA₃ na 0 na 1.5% HKO₃ ku guhingwa k'ubwoko bwa Siah-e-Samarkhandi mu gihe cyo guhingwa k'inzabibu mu buryo bwo guhingwa bufunguye kandi bugenzurwa. Byongeye kandi, irindi gerageza ryasuzumye ingaruka z'imbuto zikomoka ku mbuto (Siah-e-Shiraz, Askari, Rotabi, Rishbaba, na Aatabaki) ku guhingwa k'ubwoko bwa Siah-e-Samarkhandi. Ibisubizo byagaragaje ko, usibye ubwoko bwa Atabaki, imbuto zikomoka ku zindi mbuto zongereye umusaruro w'imbuto n'imbuto z'udukoko mu bwoko bwa Siah-e-Samarkhandi. Muri rusange, uruvange rwa 30 mg/Lgibberellin (GA₃)na 1.5% bya nitrati ya potasiyumu (KNO₃) byagize ingaruka zikomeye ku bwiza bw'imbuto n'umusaruro w'imbuto.
Ubu bwoko bw'imbuto ni ingenzi cyane muri Irani no mu ntara ya Fars bitewe n'ubushya bwayo n'ubwinshi bwa anthocyanin. Inzabibu za Siah-e-Samarkhandi zikura mu kirere cyumye, aho imvura ingana na mm 300 kugeza 450 mu turere dutandukanye tw'intara. Kubera ko imiterere y'inzabibu n'ingano yazo ari ingenzi kugira ngo zimere nziza, hari ibibazo byinshi, nko kuba ingano y'inzabibu idahuye, ubwiza bw'inzabibu butari bwiza, n'umubare muto w'inzabibu kuri buri tsinda (biterwa no kugabanuka kw'imbuto), ibyo bigatuma umusaruro ugabanuka.³ Imbuto z'inzabibu ziribwa zishobora kugira ingaruka zitandukanye ku binyabuzima, harimo gukora nk'ibintu birwanya udukoko karemano, imiti irinda kwangirika kw'ibiribwa, n'imiti igabanya ubukana bw'ibiryo, bityo bikarinda kwanduzwa n'udukoko twangiza ibiryo.

Ku bijyanye no guhuza ubwoko bw'imizabibu, ubwoko bwinshi burahuza kandi butanga ubwabwo. Gufumbira mu bimera bifunze bikunze kugaragara mu nzabibu. Nubwo hari ibidasanzwe, ni gake cyane; ubwoko bumwe na bumwe ntibuhuza ubwabwo. Umusaruro n'ubwiza bw'imbuto biterwa n'ibintu byinshi. Kimwe mu bintu by'ingenzi ni imiterere y'imbuto z'ubwoko bw'imizabibu. Gukura neza kw'indabyo no gukora impongo zikwiye hamwe n'umuvuduko mwinshi wo kumera ni ingenzi kugira ngo habeho uburumbuke. Kumera kw'inzabibu biterwa n'ubwoko, imiterere y'imirire, n'ibidukikije, kandi imiterere myiza yo kumera kw'inzabibu iratandukanye.
Gukoresha gibberellin mu nzabibu nshya zidafite imbuto bishobora kongera ingano y'imbuto mu gihe imbuto zitangiye kumera. 8.
Bitewe n’urwego rwo hejuru rw’ubuhinzi bw’inzabibu, gushaka ibisubizo bikwiye byo kunoza ubwiza bwazo ni ingenzi cyane. Uburyo bwo kuvura imbuto z’inzabibu bwakozwe ku bwoko nka Siah-e-Shiraz n’ubundi, kuko ubwo buryo bwo kuvura bwatumye imbuto z’inzabibu zigira umusaruro mwinshi (amakuru ntatanzwe). Gushyira izi mbuto z’inzabibu (imbuto z’inzabibu nziza ni isoko ikungahaye kuri auxin na GA3) ku bwoko bwa Siah-e-Samarkhandi kandi kumera kwazo bitera gukura kw’intanga ngore, bigatuma iyi misemburo ikorwa cyane, amaherezo, imbuto zigatangira kumera. Kuba hari imbuto z’inzabibu nziza mu mbuto bituma imbuto zimera neza (Ishusho ya 1A-F). Intego nyamukuru y’ubu bushakashatsi kwari ugusuzuma impamvu zitera gucika kw’imbuto z’inzabibu n’uburyo imiti nka gibberellin (GA3) na potasiyumu nitrate (KNO3) ihura neza no kwanduzanya imbuto mu gukumira cyangwa kugabanya iki kibazo mu bwoko bw’inzabibu za Siah-e-Samarkhandi.
Iri gerageza ryakozwe mu gihe cy'imyaka ibiri (2021-2022) mu murima w'imizabibu wubatswe ku mvura mu mudugudu wa Khoral, mu majyaruguru y'uburengerazuba bwa Shiraz, muri Irani (35 km mu majyaruguru y'uburengerazuba bwa Shiraz, 29°57′ N, 52°14′ S). Akarere gafite ikirere gikonje kandi gishyushye, gifite imvura ingana na mm 450 ku mwaka n'ubutaka bw'ibumba. Imizabibu yatewe ku mirongo iri hagati ya metero 3.5 n'indi, na metero 4 hagati y'imizabibu. Umurima w'imizabibu ntiwari uvomererwa (ubuhinzi buterwa n'imvura). Gukusanya ibimera byujuje amabwiriza n'amabwiriza y'ibigo, igihugu, n'amahanga kandi byemejwe n'ikigo cy'ubucuruzi cy'ubuhinzi bw'imboga ku bufatanye na Kaminuza ya Shiraz.
Igerageza rya mbere n'irya kabiri ryakoresheje igishushanyo mbonera cy’ibikoresho bishingiye ku gishushanyo mbonera cy’amatafari kandi ryasubiwemo inshuro enye.
Igerageza rya gatatu ryakozwe ku gutandukanya imbuto zo mu bwoko bwa Siah-e-Samarghandi hakoreshejwe intanga zo mu bwoko butanu (Rotabi, Rishbaba, Askari, Atabaki, na Siah-e-Shiraz). Intanga zo mu bwoko bwa Siah-e-Samarghandi zakoreshejwe mu kwimura imbuto zo mu bwoko bwa Siah-e-Samarghandi kandi zakoreshejwe mu kugenzura ubu bwoko.
Mu gihe cyo kurabya kwa buri bwoko bw'imizabibu ya Siah-e-Samarghandi, imbuto z'ubu bwoko zashyizwe ku mbuto enye zatoranijwe. Umunsi umwe kugeza kuri itatu mbere yo kurabya, mbuto zatoranijwe zashyizwe mu mifuka y'impapuro. Magana abiri na gatanu ku ijana by'indabyo z'ubwoko bwateraga imbuto zashyizwe mu mifuka. Nyuma y'iminsi icumi kugeza kuri cumi n'ine, imifuka yose y'impapuro yakuwe mu mbuto.
Nyuma yo kwera kw'imbuto (ingano y'ibinyampeke bishongesha ≥16%), umusaruro w'imizabibu wapimwe ukwawo. Amashami umunani (ane yashyizwe mu mashashi, andi adashyizwe mu mashashi) yatoranijwe ku mpande enye z'umuzabibu mu buryo butunguranye maze yimurirwa muri laboratwari y'ibinyabuzima y'Ishami ry'Ubuhinzi bw'Indabyo, Ishami ry'Ubuhinzi, Kaminuza ya Shiraz, muri Irani, kugira ngo hamenyekane ingano n'ubuziranenge.
Igipimo cy'imbuto kibarwa hakoreshejwe formula ikurikira, ubarura umubare w'indabyo iminsi 10 mbere yo kurabya n'umubare w'imbuto zavutse nyuma y'iminsi 10.
Mu igerageza ribiri rya mbere, imbuto 10 zatoranijwe mu buryo butunguranye muri buri tsinda; mu igerageza rya gatatu, imbuto 50 zatoranijwe. Umubare w'imbuto muri buri tsinda wabaruwe, kandi umubare mpuzandengo w'imbuto kuri buri tsinda ry'imiti wabaruwe.
Kugira ngo hamenyekane ibintu bya phenolic, imvange y'umutobe w'imbuto yavanzwe na 1:1 hamwe na 80% ya methanol. Hanyuma, 100 μl y'imvange y'umutobe yavanzwe na 400 μl ya phosphate buffer na 2.5 ml ya Folin-Ciocalteu reagent (Sigma-Aldrich). Nyuma y'umunota 1, hongewemo mililitiro 2 z'umuti wa sodium carbonate wa 7.5% mu ruvange, hanyuma icyitegererezo gishyirwa kuri 25°C mu gihe cy'iminota 5. Hanyuma gukurura byapimwe kuri 760 nm hakoreshejwe spectrophotometer (BioTek Instruments, Inc., muri Amerika). Ibisubizo bigaragazwa nka mililitiro za aside gallic kuri garama 100 z'uburemere bushya, hamwe na aside gallic ikoreshwa.^asgisanzwe.
Ingano ya Anthocyanin yagenwe hakoreshejwe uburyo butandukanye bwa pH hakoreshejwe uburyo bubiri butandukanye: 25 mM KCl buffer kuri pH 1.0 na 0.4 M sodium acetate buffer kuri pH 4.5. Buri gipimo cyashyizwe muri buffer zombi mu gihe cy'iminota 15, kandi absorbance yapimwe kuri 510 nm na 700 nm, hamwe n'ingero eshanu kuri buri gipimo. Ingano yose ya anthocyanin yagenwe hakurikijwe uburyo bwa Sabir et al.
Igikorwa cyo kurwanya ogisijeni^{byari byemewe}hakoreshejwe uburyo bwa 1,1-diphenyl-2-trinitrophenylhydrazine (DPPH). Uburyo bwihariye bwari ubu bukurikira: ml 100 z'umutobe w'imbuto zavanzwe na methanol n'amazi ku gipimo cya 1:100. Hanyuma icyo gicuruzwa cyavanzwe na ml 2 z'umuti wa 0.1 mM DPPH muri methanol. Nyuma y'iminota 30, ubushobozi bwo kwinjiza umuti bwapimwe kuri 517 nm hakoreshejwe Cecil 2010 UV spectrophotometer. Uburyo DPPH ifata DPPH nta gicuruzwa bwakoreshejwe nk'uburyo bwo kugenzura. Umurimo wa antioxidant wabazwe hakoreshejwe formula ikurikira:
Iri gerageza ryakoresheje igishushanyo mbonera cyakozwe mu buryo butaziguye, gisubirwamo inshuro eshatu (buri subiramo ryari rifite amatsinda ane). Amakuru yasesenguwe hakoreshejwe porogaramu ya SAS 9.1, maze ikizamini cya Tukey gikoreshwa mu kugereranya uburyo ku rwego rw'uburemere bwa 0.05. Amakarita y'ubushyuhe ya Cluster yakozwe hakoreshejwe porogaramu ya R yo gusesengura ibintu byinshi.
Ugereranyije n’uburyo bwo kwimura ubwandu (14.97%), agaciro ka TSS ko kwimura ubwandu mu buryo bwa Atabaqui kari 16.93%, ibi bikaba ari itandukaniro rikomeye. Nta tandukaniro rigaragara ryagaragaye hagati y’ubundi buryo bwo kuvura n’uburyo bwo kwimura ubwandu (Ishusho ya 4B).
Ubushobozi bwinshi bwo kurwanya imisemburo bwagaragaye mu kwiyanduza (55.78%), mu gihe buke bwagaragaye mu ifu ya atabaca (18.88%) na askari (31.54%). Ubundi buryo bwo kuvura ntibwari butandukanye cyane n’itsinda ryagenzuwe.