Umusaruro w’ibimera ugera kuri toni zisaga 700.000 buri mwaka, glyphosate ni yo miti yica udukoko ikoreshwa cyane kandi nini ku isi. Ubudahangarwa bw’ibyatsi bibi n’ibyangiza ibidukikije n’ubuzima bw’abantu biterwa no gukoresha glyphosate nabi byakuruye abantu benshi.
Ku ya 29 Gicurasi, itsinda rya Porofeseri Guo Ruiting ryo muri Laboratwari y’ingenzi ya Leta ishinzwe Biocatalysis na Enzyme Engineering, ryashinzwe ku bufatanye n’Ishuri ry’Ubumenyi bw’Ubuzima rya Kaminuza ya Hubei n’amashami y’intara n’ay’abaminisitiri, ryasohoye inyandiko y’ubushakashatsi iheruka mu kinyamakuru cy’ibikoresho bitera akaga, isesengura isesengura rya mbere ry’ibyatsi by’inka. (Urusenda rubi rw’umurima) rukomoka kuri aldo-keto reductase AKR4C16 na AKR4C17 bitera imbaraga uburyo bwo gusubiza glyphosate yangiritse, kandi bikongera cyane ubushobozi bwo kwangirika kwa glyphosate binyuze mu guhindura molekile.
Ubudahangarwa bw'ingufu za glyphosate buri kwiyongera.
Kuva yatangira gukoreshwa mu myaka ya 1970, glyphosate yakunzwe cyane ku isi yose, kandi buhoro buhoro yabaye umuti uhendutse, ukoreshwa cyane kandi utanga umusaruro mwinshi. Itera ibibazo by’imikorere y’ibimera, harimo n’ibyatsi bibi, mu gukumira by’umwihariko 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS), enzyme y’ingenzi igira uruhare mu mikurire n’imikorere y’ibimera, ndetse n’urupfu rwabyo.
Bityo rero, korora ibihingwa byahinduwe mu bwoko bwa glyphosate birwanya glyphosate no gukoresha glyphosate mu murima ni uburyo bw'ingenzi bwo kurwanya ibyatsi bibi mu buhinzi bwa kijyambere.
Ariko, bitewe n’ikoreshwa rya glyphosate n’ikoreshwa nabi ryayo, ibyatsi byinshi byagiye bihinduka buhoro buhoro kandi birushaho kwihanganira glyphosate cyane.
Byongeye kandi, ibihingwa byahinduwe mu buryo bw’uturemangingo birwanya glyphosate ntibishobora kubora glyphosate, bigatuma glyphosate yiyongera kandi ikwirakwira mu bihingwa, ishobora gukwirakwira mu buryo bworoshye mu ruhererekane rw’ibiribwa kandi ikabangamira ubuzima bw’abantu.
Bityo rero, ni ngombwa kuvumbura utunyangingo dushobora kwangiza glyphosate, kugira ngo hahingwe ibihingwa bya transgenic birwanya glyphosate cyane bifite ibisigazwa bike bya glyphosate.
Gukemura imiterere ya kristu n'uburyo bwo gukora inyigo za enzymes zikomoka ku bimera zica uburozi bwa glyphosate
Mu 2019, amatsinda y’ubushakashatsi yo mu Bushinwa no muri Ositaraliya yavumbuye ubwoko bubiri bwa aldo-keto reductases butuma glyphosate ibora, AKR4C16 na AKR4C17, ku nshuro ya mbere buva mu byatsi birwanya glyphosate. Bashobora gukoresha NADP+ nk'ikintu gifasha mu kwangiza glyphosate ikaba aside aminomethylphosphonic na aside glyoxylic.
AKR4C16 na AKR4C17 ni zo enzymes za mbere zavuzweho kwangiza glyphosate zikorwa n’imihindagurikire y’ibimera. Kugira ngo barusheho gusesengura uburyo molekile yangiza glyphosate, itsinda rya Guo Ruiting ryakoresheje crystallography ya X-ray kugira ngo basesengure isano iri hagati y’izi enzymes ebyiri na cofactor high. Imiterere y’urusobe rw’ibipimo yagaragaje uburyo bwo gufatanya kwa glyphosate, NADP+ na AKR4C17, kandi batanga uburyo bwo gukora catalytic reaction bwa AKR4C16 na AKR4C17-mediated glyphosate degradation.
Imiterere ya AKR4C17/NADP+/glyphosate complex hamwe n'uburyo bwo gusubiza glyphosate yangiritse.
Guhindura molekile byongera ubushobozi bwo kwangirika kwa glyphosate.
Nyuma yo kubona icyitegererezo cyiza cy’imiterere ya AKR4C17/NADP+/glyphosate, itsinda rya Porofeseri Guo Ruiting ryabonye poroteyine ya AKR4C17F291D ifite ubwiyongere bwa 70% mu igabanuka ry’imikorere ya glyphosate binyuze mu isesengura ry’imiterere ya enzymes no gushushanya neza.
Isesengura ry'imikorere y'ibimera bya AKR4C17 mutants mu kwangiza imiterere ya glyphosate.
“Akazi kacu kagaragaza uburyo AKR4C16 na AKR4C17 bikora mu kwangirika kwa glyphosate, ibi bikaba ari byo bishyiraho ishingiro rikomeye ryo gukomeza guhindura AKR4C16 na AKR4C17 kugira ngo hongerwe uburyo bwo kwangirika kwa glyphosate.” Umwanditsi wungirije w’iyi nyandiko, Porofeseri Dai Longhai wo muri Kaminuza ya Hubei, yavuze ko bakoze poroteyine ya AKR4C17F291D ifite ubushobozi bwo kwangirika kwa glyphosate, ikaba ari igikoresho cy’ingenzi cyo guhinga ibihingwa birwanya glyphosate cyane bifite ibisigazwa bike bya glyphosate no gukoresha bagiteri z’ubuhanga bwa mikorobe mu kwangiza glyphosate mu bidukikije.
Bivugwa ko itsinda rya Guo Ruiting rimaze igihe kinini rikora ubushakashatsi ku isesengura ry’imiterere n’ibiganiro ku mikorere ya enzymes zangiza ubuzima, synthase za terpenoid, na poroteyine zigamije imiti y’ibintu byangiza kandi byangiza ibidukikije. Li Hao, umushakashatsi wungirije Yang Yu n’umwarimu Hu Yumei muri iryo tsinda nibo banditsi ba mbere b’iyi nyandiko, naho Guo Ruiting na Dai Longhai nibo banditsi bahuje.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kamena-02-2022