Inyoni zitukura (Solenopsis invicta) zabaye inzoka zikomeye muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika kuva zavumburwa mu 1933 na 1945. Udukoko twazo dutera ububabare bukabije kandi dutwara Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika miliyari 8 z'amadolari buri mwaka. Muri iki gihe, inyoni zitukura ziboneka muri leta 19, cyane cyane mu majyepfo y'uburasirazuba, ariko no muri Kaliforuniya. Zirororoka cyane muri Ositaraliya no mu Bushinwa.
Mu 1958, Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika zashyizeho gahunda yo gushyira mu kato amoko yose y’ibimera bitwikwa n’inkongi z’umuriro kugira ngo bibuze urujya n’uruza rw’ibimera n’ibintu bishobora gukwirakwiza utwo dukoko. Abashakashatsi benshi n’abayobozi bemeza ko gukwirakwiza utwo dukoko bifitanye isano no gutwara ingemwe z’ibiti. Abayobozi b’ibigo by’incuke mbere bateraga imiti yica udukoko mu mizi y’ibimera kugira ngo barwanye utwo dukoko, ariko ikoreshwa ry’imiti myinshi nk’iyo (nk’iy’ibiti bitwikwa n’inkongi z’umuriro) ubu rirabujijwe, kandi iyi miti irahenze.
Itsinda ry’abashakashatsi bo muri USDA Agricultural Research Service, Animal and Plant Inspection Service, na Tennessee State University biga uburyo bwo kugabanya umubare w’udukoko tw’inkongi hakoreshejwe imiti yica udukoko idatera uburozi ishyirwa ku mizi y’imbuto.imiti yica udukokobyongera ibyago byo kwandura imisenyi ikoresha umuriro kandi bishobora kohereza ibintu by’uburozi ku bindi bimisenyi biri mu cyaro. Ibyavuye mu bushakashatsi, byasohotse muri Werurwe mu kinyamakuru Journal of Economic Entomology, byagaragaje ko umuti wica udukoko utirukanafipronilbyagabanyije cyane umubare w'inyenzi zica umuriro mu mizi y'imbuto.
Abashakashatsi bashyize uduce tw’udusimba two mu bwoko bwa Fire Ants (harimo udusimba two mu bwoko bwa Fire Ants, amagi, udusimba, udusimba two mu bwoko bwa Pupae, n’umwamikazi) mu dusimba tw’imizi y’ibimera bya Buxus microphylla. Kimwe cya kabiri cy’udusimba tw’imizi cyavuwe n’umuti wica udukoko witwa Bifenthrin. Imiti ine itandukanye idatera indwara yo mu bwoko bwa Fipronil, Indoxacarb, Imidacloprid, na Fipronil—yakoreshejwe mu kugenzura, hamwe n’amazi. Ingaruka z’ubwinshi butandukanye bw’imiti yica udukoko idatera indwara nazo zarasuzumwe, kandi hagaragajwe akamaro k’imiti yica udukoko isigaye mu gukumira ubwandu bw’udusimba.
Fipronil yagaragaje ubushobozi bwiza bwo kwica udukoko, aho impuzandengo yo kurwanya udukoko yanganaga na 99.99%, ikurikirwa na indoxacarb (99.33%) na imidacloprid (99.49%). Ubwo iyi miti ine idatera indwara yahuzwaga na bifenthrin, ubushobozi bwayo bwo kwica udukoko bwagabanutse cyane (usibye fipronil, yageze ku rwego rwo kurwanya udukoko rwanganaga na 94.29%). Kugira ngo barebe uburyo fipronil ihendutse mu kurwanya udukoko, abashakashatsi bagerageje ku gipimo gito cy’udukoko maze basanga ubushobozi bwo kwica udukoko bwagabanutseho ibirenze 90%, kandi ibipimo bitandukanye bya fipronil nta ngaruka zikomeye byagize ku mubare w’udukoko. Gukoresha igipimo cya fipronil cyasabwe byakubujije kwandura udukoko mu gihe cy’amezi atandatu, mu gihe gukoresha kimwe cya kabiri cy’umuti byatanze udukoko twasigaye mu mizi y’ibimera.
Abashakashatsi banditse bati: “Mu miti idatera imiti yica udukoko, dinotefuran (harimo cyangwa nta bifenthrin) yatanze uburyo bwo kugenzura buri gihe ku rwego rwo kwishyira mu kato, aho 75% (8) by'utubuto tw'imizi bitarandura. Utubuto tw'imizi twavuwe n'indi miti idatera imiti yica udukoko (imidacloprid, indoxacarb, na fipronil)… twavuwe hagati ya 0-38%.”
Abashakashatsi bavuze ko fipronil ihenze cyane kurusha imiti yica udukoko ibiri yemewe hakurikijwe amabwiriza ya leta agenga ikoreshwa ry’imiti irwanya inkongi z’umuriro—chlorpyrifos na bifenthrin. Kugabanya ingano ya fipronil yakoreshejwe byatanze umusaruro ushimishije, ariko banditse bati: “Hakenewe ubushakashatsi bwinshi kugira ngo hamenyekane neza ingaruka zitandukanye za fipronil ku mubare w’utubuto tw’imizi tutari twanduye cyangwa twanduye.”
Ariko, fipronil ubwayo ifite impungenge zimwe na zimwe. Irashongera mu mazi, irahumanya inzuki (Apis mellifera), kandi ishobora gukwirakwizwa binyuze mu mazi atemba, iraswa, n'ibimera. Amategeko n'amabwiriza yo gushyiraho ibirango ubu arahari kugira ngo agabanye ingaruka z'iyi miti ku nzuki. Abashakashatsi bagaragaje bati: “Kuri peterineri, gushyira fipronil gusa ku mizi y'ibiti byatemwe mbere yo kurabya bigomba kugabanya ibyago byo kwandura inzuki.” Bongeyeho ko hakenewe ubushakashatsi bwiyongereye kugira ngo hamenyekane uburyo bwiza bwo gukoresha iyi miti idatera indwara mu kurwanya inkeri zitukura.
"Imiti yica udukoko idatera umwijima igira akamaro mu kurwanya imiswa itukura (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) ku mbuto zakusanyijwe mu murima."
Andrew Porterfield is a writer, editor, and communications consultant working with academic institutions, companies, and nonprofits in the life sciences. He currently resides in Camario, California. You can connect with him on LinkedIn or by email at aporterfield17078@roadrunner.com.
Ubuzima bw'inzuki zo mu bwoko bw'ubuki burarushaho kuba bwiza iyo zikora propolis nyinshi (resin ifite wax ikoreshwa mu gufunga umuzinga). Ubushakashatsi bushya bwagerageje uburyo butandukanye bworoshye abahinzi b'inzuki bashobora gukoresha kugira ngo bongere umusaruro wa propolis mu muzinga.
Ben Puttler, umwarimu ucyuye igihe muri Kaminuza ya Missouri akaba n'inzobere mu by'udukoko, azwiho uruhare rwe mu mateka mu kurwanya udukoko, ndetse no mu bujyanama bwe ku banyeshuri benshi biga ibijyanye n'udukoko ndetse na bagenzi be. Mu isuzuma ry'umwuga we, bagenzi be babiri batekereje ku byo Puttler yagezeho n'ibyo yakoze.
Ikinyoni cya khapra cyangiza cyane ibinyampeke bibitswe kandi ni cyo kibasirwa cyane ku byambu no ku mipaka. Abashakashatsi bo muri Kanada bavumbuye ubushyuhe bushobora kwica ikinyoni mu byiciro byose by'ubuzima bwacyo, harimo no kwangirika kw'amazi.
Igihe cyo kohereza ubutumwa: 13 Mata 2026
