PermaNet Dual, urushundura rushya rwa deltamethrin-clofenac hybrid, rugaragaza ko rufite ubushobozi bwo kurwanya imibu ya Anopheles gambiae idakira pyrethroid mu majyepfo ya Benin.

Mu igeragezwa muri Afurika, inzitiramibu zikozwe muriPYRETHROIDnaFIPRONILbyagaragaje ingaruka nziza ku miterere y’udukoko n’icyorezo. Ibi byatumye abantu benshi basaba aya masomo mashya yo kuri interineti mu bihugu byanduye malariya. PermaNet Dual ni deltamethrin nshya na clofenac mesh byakozwe na Vestergaard Sàrl kugira ngo bitange ubushobozi bwo kongera gahunda zo kurwanya malariya. Twakoze igerageza ry’icyitegererezo mu cyumba cy’abashyitsi kugira ngo dusuzume uburyo PermaNet Dual ikora mu kurwanya imibu yo mu gasozi irwanya pyrethroid iguruka mu kirere, i Cove, muri Benin. PermaNet Dual yateje impfu nyinshi z’imibu iyo itagezwaga ugereranije n’imiyoboro irimo pyrethroid yonyine n’imiyoboro irimo pyrethroid na PIPERONYL BUTOXIDE (77% kuri PermaNet Dual, 23% kuri PermaNet 2.0 na 23% kuri PermaNet 3.0) 56% p < 0.001) nyuma y’imyaka 20. gukaraba bisanzwe (75% kuri PermaNet Dual, 14% kuri PermaNet 2.0, 30% kuri PermaNet 3.0, p < 0.001). Hakoreshejwe ibipimo biri hagati bitari iby’ubukene byagenwe n’Ishami ry’Umuryango w’Abibumbye ryita ku Buzima, PermaNet Dual nayo ntiyari iri munsi y’imfu za pyrethroid-clofenazoline, byagaragaje ko agaciro k’ubuzima rusange kazamutse (Interceptor G2) (79% vs 76). %, OR = 0.878, 95% CI 0.719–1.073), ariko ntabwo byari ukurinda amaraso (35% vs. 26%, OR = 1.424, 95% CI 1.177–1.723). PermaNet Dual ni amahitamo y’inyongera kuri ubu bwoko bw’urushundura rufite akamaro kanini mu kunoza uburyo bwo kurwanya malariya yanduzwa n’imibu irwanya pyrethroid.
Inzitiramubu ziterwa umuti wica udukoko (ITNs) ni zo ngamba zikoreshwa cyane mu gukumira malariya. Zagaragaye kenshi ko zigabanya indwara n'impfu za malariya mu igerageza no muri gahunda kandi zagize uruhare runini kurusha izindi ngamba ziherutse gukoreshwa mu kugabanya ikwirakwira rya malariya. Ariko, kwishingikiriza ku bwoko bumwe bw'imiti yica udukoko (pyrethroids) bitanga igitutu cyihariye, bigatera ikwirakwira ry'ubudahangarwa bwa pyrethroids mu miyoboro itera malariya. Hagati ya 2010 na 2020, ubudahangarwa bwa pyrethroids bwagaragaye mu bwoko bumwe bw'imiti itera malariya nibura muri 88% by'ibihugu byanduye malariya. Nubwo ubushakashatsi bwagaragaje ko inzitiramubu ziterwa umuti zirinda malariya nubwo zidashobora guhangana na yo, hari ibimenyetso bikomeye bigaragaza ko imibu yahuye n'inzitiramubu ziterwa umuti wica udukoko yagize ubushobozi bwo kubaho no kurya. Bitewe n'akamaro kazo mu gukumira no kurwanya malariya, kugabanya ubushobozi bw'imiti iterwa umuti bishobora gutuma indwara n'impfu byongera kwiyongera.
Mu rwego rwo guhangana n'iki kibazo, inzitiramibu zivurwa n'imiti zikoreshwa mu buryo bubiri, zihuza pyrethroid n'indi mvange, zakozwe kugira ngo zongere kugenzura icyorezo cya malariya irwanya pyrethroid. Ubwoko bushya bwa mbere bwa ITN buhuza pyrethroid naPIPERONYL BUTOXIDE (PBO), uburyo bwo guhuza ibikorwa byongera imikorere ya pyrethroids binyuze mu kugabanya enzymes zikuraho uburozi zijyanye no kurwanya pyrethroids10. Mu matsinda y’igerageza n’igerageza ryakozwe ku buryo butaziguye (cRCT), ITN zirimo pyrethroids na PBO zagaragaje inyungu nyinshi mu by’udukoko ugereranije na ITN zirimo pyrethroids gusa n’ubushobozi bw’icyorezo. Kuva icyo gihe bahawe inama ya OMS yo gukwirakwiza mu turere aho ibinyabuzima bigaragaza ubudahangarwa ku ndwara ya pyrethroids, bigatuma ikwirakwizwa ryabyo ryiyongera cyane mu bihugu byanduye mu myaka ya vuba aha18. Ariko, ITN ya pyrethroid-PBO nayo ifite imbogamizi. Ikigaragara ni uko hari impungenge ku kuramba kwabyo nyuma yo gukoreshwa mu ngo igihe kirekire. Ubushakashatsi bwakorewe muri Afurika y’Iburengerazuba bugaragaza kandi ko inzitiramibu za pyrethroid-PBO zishobora gutanga inyungu nke mu turere dufite ubudahangarwa bwinshi bwa pyrethroids bushingiye ku buryo bugoye kandi butandukanye. Bityo, kugira ngo hagenzurwe neza kandi burambye, ni ngombwa gukoresha ubwoko bwinshi bw’inzitiramibu ziterwa umuti wica udukoko, byaba byiza zirimo izindi nganda nshya zirwanya udukoko ziterwa n’udukoko.
Vuba aha, inzitiramibu ziterwa umuti wica udukoko zabonetse zivanga imiti ya pyrethroids na fipronil, umuti wica udukoko wa azole ubangamira imikorere ya mitochondrial. Chlorfenopyr ni uburyo bushya bwo kugenzura indwara zateye imbere mu buryo bugoye bwo kurwanya imiti yica udukoko isanzwe. ITN ya pyrethroid-chlorphenopyr (Interceptor G2), yakozwe na BASF, yagaragaje malariya idakira pyrethroids mu igerageza ry’igerageza muri Benin, Burkina Faso, Côte na Tanzaniya. Kurwanya vector byateye imbere kandi ubu ni byo byemewe n’Ishami ry’Umuryango w’Abibumbye ryita ku Buzima. Igerageza rinini na gahunda zo gukwirakwiza imiti mu bihugu bimwe na bimwe na byo byagaragaje ibimenyetso by’ingaruka z’ibyorezo. By’umwihariko, RCTs muri Benin na Tanzaniya zagaragaje ko Interceptor G2 yagabanyije ubwandu bwa malariya mu bana ku kigero cya 46% na 44% mu myaka 2, ugereranije na ITN ikoresha imiti isanzwe ya pyrethroids yonyine. Hashingiwe kuri ibi bisubizo, Umuryango Mpuzamahanga wita ku Buzima uherutse gutanga inama ikomeye yo gukoresha inzitiramibu zivuwe n'umuti wica udukoko witwa pyrethroid-chlorphenopyr aho gukoresha inzitiramibu zirimo pyrethroid gusa mu turere aho inzitiramibu zirwanya pyrethroid. Inzitiramibu zivuwe n'imiti mu rwego rwo gukumira malariya. Ibi byatumye umubare munini w'abashaka inzitiramibu zivuwe n'imiti zishyirwa mu bihugu byanduye. Guteza imbere ubwoko bushya bw'inzitiramibu zivuwe n'imiti ...