Kwangirika kw'ibimera guterwa no guhiganwa n'ibyatsi bibi n'ibindi bikoko birimo virusi, bagiteri, ibihumyo, n'udukoko bibangamira cyane umusaruro wabyo kandi rimwe na rimwe bishobora kwangiza umusaruro burundu. Muri iki gihe, umusaruro wizewe w'ibihingwa uboneka hakoreshejwe ubwoko bw'ibimera burwanya indwara, uburyo bwo kurwanya ibinyabuzima, no gukoresha imiti yica udukoko mu kurwanya indwara z'ibimera, udukoko, ibyatsi bibi, n'ibindi bikoko. Mu 1983, miliyari 1.3 z'amadolari ya Amerika yakoreshejwe mu kwica udukoko—hatarimo imiti yica udukoko—kugira ngo habeho kurinda no kugabanya kwangirika kw'ibihingwa biturutse ku ndwara z'ibimera, imitezi, n'udukoko. Igihombo gishobora guterwa n'ibihingwa mu gihe hatabayeho gukoresha imiti yica udukoko kirenze cyane icyo giciro.
Mu myaka igera ku 100, korora kugira ngo habeho kurwanya indwara byabaye ingenzi mu musaruro w’ubuhinzi ku isi yose. Ariko ibyagezweho mu korora ibimera ahanini ni ibintu by’ingenzi kandi bishobora kuba iby’igihe gito. Ni ukuvuga ko, kubera kubura amakuru y’ibanze ku mikorere ya za jeni mu kurwanya indwara, ubushakashatsi akenshi buba bukorwa ku buryo butunguranye aho kuba ubushakashatsi bwibanda ku ntego. Byongeye kandi, ibisubizo ibyo ari byo byose bishobora kumara igihe gito bitewe n’impinduka z’udukoko n’ibindi bikoko mu gihe amakuru mashya ya jeni yinjizwa mu buryo bugoye bw’ubuhinzi.
Urugero rwiza rw'ingaruka z'impinduka mu ngirabuzimafatizo ni imiterere y'umukungugu utagira inenge wororerwa mu moko menshi y'ibigori kugira ngo bifashe mu gutanga imbuto z'ibimera bivanze. Ibimera birimo cytoplasme ya Texas (T) byohereza iyi miterere y'umukungugu w'abagabo binyuze muri cytoplasme; ifitanye isano n'ubwoko runaka bwa mitochondrion. Abahinzi batabizi, iyi mitochondria nayo yari ifite ubukana bwo kwandura uburozi buterwa n'udukoko twangiza.HelminthosporiummaydisIngaruka zabyo ni icyorezo cya kanseri y'ibibabi by'ibigori muri Amerika ya Ruguru mu mpeshyi yo mu 1970.
Uburyo bwakoreshejwe mu kuvumbura imiti yica udukoko nabwo bwakoreshejwe cyane cyane mu bushakashatsi. Hamwe n'amakuru make cyangwa nta na make atanzwe mbere ku buryo bwo gukora, imiti irageragezwa kugira ngo hatoranywe imiti yica udukoko, ibihumyo, cyangwa ibyatsi bibi ariko ntigire icyo yangiza ku bimera cyangwa ibidukikije.
Uburyo bwo gukoresha imbaraga bwatanze intsinzi ikomeye mu kurwanya udukoko tumwe na tumwe, cyane cyane ibyatsi bibi, indwara z’ibihumyo, n’udukoko, ariko urugamba rurakomeje, kubera ko impinduka mu miterere y’utu dukoko zishobora kugarura ubukana bwatwo ku bwoko bw’ibimera bidashobora kwihanganira cyangwa bigatuma udukoko tudashobora kwihanganira imiti yica udukoko. Ikibura muri uru rugendo rusa n’aho rudashira rwo kwibasirwa no guhangana n’udukoko ni ugusobanukirwa neza ibinyabuzima n’ibimera byibasira. Uko ubumenyi ku dukoko—imiterere yatwo, imiterere y’ibinyabuzima, n’imikorere yatwo, ibyo dutunze n’imikoranire yabyo—bizashyirwaho ingamba zo kurwanya udukoko, ziyobowe neza kandi zinoze.
Iki gice kigaragaza uburyo butandukanye bwo gukora ubushakashatsi kugira ngo umuntu asobanukirwe neza uburyo bw'ibanze bw'ibinyabuzima bushobora gukoreshwa mu kugenzura udukoko tw'ibimera n'udukoko. Ubuzima bw'ibinyabuzima butanga uburyo bushya bwo gutandukanya no kwiga imikorere y'uturemangingo. Kubaho kw'ibimera byibasirwa n'ibidakira hamwe n'udukoko twangiza n'utwo mu mubiri bishobora gukoreshwa mu kumenya no gutandukanya uturemangingo tugenzura imikoranire hagati y'uturemangingo n'utwo mu mubiri. Inyigo ku miterere myiza y'utu turemangingo zishobora gutuma haboneka ibimenyetso ku mikoranire ya biochemical ibaho hagati y'uturemangingo twombi no ku mikorere y'utu turemangingo mu miyoboro y'ibinyabuzima no mu ngingo z'ibimera. Bikwiye kubaho mu gihe kizaza kunoza uburyo n'amahirwe yo kohereza imiterere ikenewe yo kurwanya udukoko mu bimera, kandi, ku rundi ruhande, kurema udukoko tuzaba twibasirwa n'ibyatsi bibi cyangwa udukoko twa arthropod. Kongera gusobanukirwa imiterere y'udukoko n'imiti n'imikorere y'ibintu bihindura imiterere, nk'imisemburo igenga ihinduka ry'uturemangingo, igabanuka ry'uturemangingo, no kororoka, bizafungura inzira nshya zo kugenzura udukoko duto duto binyuze mu kubangamira imiterere yatwo n'imyitwarire mu bihe bikomeye mu buzima.
Igihe cyo kohereza: 14 Mata 2021