Kwangiza ibimera biterwa no guhatanwa n’ibyatsi ndetse n’udukoko twangiza harimo virusi, bagiteri, ibihumyo, nudukoko byangiza cyane umusaruro wabyo kandi rimwe na rimwe birashobora kwangiza imyaka.Muri iki gihe, umusaruro w’ibihingwa wiringirwa uboneka hakoreshejwe ubwoko bwihanganira indwara, uburyo bwo kurwanya ibinyabuzima, no gukoresha imiti yica udukoko mu kurwanya indwara z’ibimera, udukoko, ibyatsi bibi, n’udukoko twangiza.Mu 1983, miliyari 1,3 z'amadorali yakoreshejwe mu miti yica udukoko - usibye imiti yica ibyatsi - mu rwego rwo kurinda no kugabanya ibyangizwa n’ibihingwa indwara z’ibimera, nematode, n’udukoko.Igihombo gishobora guhomba mugihe habuze imiti yica udukoko irenze agaciro.
Mu myaka igera ku 100, ubworozi bwo kurwanya indwara bwabaye ikintu cyingenzi mu musaruro w’ubuhinzi ku isi.Ariko intsinzi yagezweho nubworozi bwibimera ahanini irashimishije kandi irashobora kuba idasanzwe.Nukuvuga ko, kubera kubura amakuru yibanze yerekeye imikorere ya gen yo kurwanya, ubushakashatsi akenshi ntibisanzwe aho kuba ubushakashatsi bwibanze.Byongeye kandi, ibisubizo ibyo aribyo byose birashobora kubaho igihe gito kubera imiterere ihindagurika ya virusi nudukoko twangiza kuko amakuru mashya yinjizwa muri sisitemu igoye y’ubuhinzi.
Urugero rwiza rwingaruka zimpinduka zishingiye ku ngirabuzima fatizo ni imiterere y’imiterere y’imyororokere yororerwa mu moko menshi y’ibigori kugira ngo ifashe mu gutanga imbuto zivanze.Ibimera birimo Texas (T) cytoplazme byimura iyi mico yabagabo ikoresheje cytoplazme;ifitanye isano n'ubwoko runaka bwa mitochondrion.Aborozi batazwi, izo mitochondriya nazo zatwaye intege nke z'uburozi buterwa na fungus patoggenic;Helminthosporiummaydis.Igisubizo cyabaye icyorezo cyibabi cyibigori muri Amerika ya ruguru mu mpeshyi ya 1970.
Uburyo bwakoreshejwe mu kuvumbura imiti yica udukoko nabwo ahanini bwabaye bwiza.Hamwe namakuru make cyangwa ntayo yambere yuburyo bwibikorwa, imiti irageragezwa kugirango ihitemo iyica udukoko twangiza, ibihumyo, cyangwa ibyatsi bibi ariko ntibyangiza igihingwa cyibihingwa cyangwa ibidukikije.
Uburyo bufatika bwatanze umusaruro ushimishije mu kurwanya udukoko tumwe na tumwe, cyane cyane urumamfu, indwara z’ibihumyo, n’udukoko, ariko urugamba rurakomeje, kubera ko ihinduka ry’irondakoko muri ibyo byonnyi rishobora kugarura virusi y’ubwoko butandukanye bw’ibiti cyangwa bigatuma udukoko twangiza udukoko twangiza udukoko. .Ikibuze muriyi nzitizi igaragara itagira iherezo yo kwandura no kurwanya ni ugusobanukirwa neza ibinyabuzima n'ibimera batera.Mu gihe ubumenyi bw’udukoko - genetiki, ibinyabuzima, na physiologiya, ababakiriye n’imikoranire hagati yabo - bizagenda byiyongera, hashyizweho ingamba zifatika zo kurwanya udukoko.
Iki gice kigaragaza uburyo bwinshi bwubushakashatsi bwo gusobanukirwa neza nuburyo bwibanze bw’ibinyabuzima bushobora gukoreshwa mu kurwanya indwara ziterwa n’udukoko.Ibinyabuzima bya molekuline bitanga tekinike nshya yo gutandukanya no kwiga ibikorwa bya gen.Kubaho kw'ibimera byakira kandi birwanya indwara hamwe na virusi zanduza kandi zanduye birashobora gukoreshwa kugirango hamenyekane no gutandukanya ingirabuzimafatizo zigenzura imikoranire hagati ya nyirarureshwa na virusi.Ubushakashatsi ku miterere myiza yiyi genes burashobora kuganisha ku bimenyetso byerekeranye n’imikoranire ya biohimiki iba hagati y’ibinyabuzima byombi ndetse no kugenga iyo genes muri patogene no mu ngingo z’igihingwa.Bikwiye gushoboka mugihe kizaza kunoza uburyo n'amahirwe yo kwimura imico yifuzwa yo kurwanya ibihingwa kandi, naho, gutera indwara ziterwa na nyakatsi cyangwa udukoko twangiza.Kongera gusobanukirwa ibijyanye nudukoko twangiza udukoko hamwe na chimie nigikorwa cyo guhindura ibintu, nka hormone ya endocrine igenga metamorphose, diapause, niyororoka, bizafungura inzira nshya zo kurwanya udukoko twangiza udukoko duhungabanya umubiri n’imyitwarire mugihe gikomeye cyubuzima. .
Igihe cyo kohereza: Apr-14-2021