Gukura kw'ibimeraUmuti ugabanya ubukana ni ngombwa mu gihe cyo gutera ibihingwa. Mu kugenzura imikurire y'ibimera n'imikurire y'ibihingwa, umusaruro mwiza n'ubwiza buhagije birashobora kuboneka. Imiti igabanya ubukana bw'ibimera ikunze kuba irimo paclobutrazol, uniconazole, peptidomimetics, chlormethalin, n'ibindi. Nk'ubwoko bushya bw'imiti igabanya ubukana bw'ibimera, prohexadione calcium yakunze kwitabwaho cyane ku isoko mu myaka ya vuba aha, kandi umubare w'imiti yiyandikishije nawo wariyongereye cyane. Hanyuma,paklobutrazole, niconazole, paroxamine, chlorhexidine, na prohexadione calcium, ni irihe tandukaniro riri ku isoko ry'ikoreshwa ry'ibi bicuruzwa?
(1) Prohexadione calcium: Ni ubwoko bushya bw'ibimera bitinda gukura.
Inshingano ni uko ishobora kubuza GA1 muri gibberellin, ikagabanya uburebure bw'igiti cy'ibimera, bityo ikagenzura imikurire y'ibimera. Ariko kandi, nta ngaruka igira kuri GA4 igenzura itandukanyirizo ry'indabyo z'ibimera n'iterambere ry'ibinyampeke.
Prohexadione calcium yatangijwe mu Buyapani mu 1994 nk'umuti ugabanya ikura ry'ibimera. Kuvumbura prohexadione calcium bitandukanye n'umunyu wa ammonium wa quaternary (chameleon, mepinium), triazoles (paclobutrazol, alkene). Ibimera bigabanya ikura ry'ibimera nka oxazole) byaremye urwego rushya rwo gukumira gibberellin biosynthesis mu cyiciro cya nyuma, kandi byagurishijwe kandi bikoreshwa cyane mu Burayi no muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika. Kuri ubu, prohexadione-calcium ihangayikishijwe cyane n'ibigo by'imbere mu gihugu, impamvu nyamukuru ni uko ugereranije n'ibigabanya ikura ry'ibimera bya triazole, prohexadione-calcium nta burozi isigaranye ku bimera bizenguruka, nta mwanda ku bidukikije, kandi ifite inyungu ikomeye. Mu gihe kizaza, ishobora gusimbura ibigabanya ikura rya triazole, kandi ifite amahirwe menshi yo gukoreshwa mu mirima, ibiti by'imbuto, indabyo, imiti yo mu Bushinwa n'ibihingwa by'ubukungu.
(2) Paclobutrazol: Ni inzitizi ya aside gibberellic y’ibimera. Igira ingaruka zo gutinza gukura kw'ibimera, ikabuza uburebure bw'ibihingwa, ikagabanya ubugari bw'ibimera, ikagabanya ingano z'ibimera, ikagabanya ubwinshi bw'ibimera, ikagabanya ubukana bw'indabyo no kongera umusaruro. Paclobutrazol ikwiriye ibihingwa nk'umuceri, ingano, ubunyobwa, ibiti by'imbuto, soya, ubwatsi, nibindi, kandi igira ingaruka zikomeye zo kugenzura gukura.
Ingaruka mbi za paclobutrazol: Gukoresha cyane bishobora gutera ibimera by'ibimera bito, imizi n'ibirayi bifite imiterere mibi, amababi yagonze, indabyo zitameze neza, gutakaza amababi ashaje ku gice cyo hasi, n'amababi akiri mato agoramye kandi agacika. Bitewe n'igihe kirekire cya paclobutrazol, gukoresha cyane bizaguma mu butaka, kandi bizanatera uburozi ku gihingwa gikurikira, bigatuma nta nzabibu zitera, kumera bitinze, kumera nabi kw'ibimera, no kumera nabi kw'ibimera n'ibindi bimenyetso by'uburozi ku bimera.
(3) Uniconazole: Ni kandi ibuza gibberellin gukura. Ifite inshingano zo kugenzura imikurire y'ibimera, kugabanya utubuto tw'imbere, gukura ibimera bigufi, guteza imbere imikurire y'ibimera ku ruhande no gutandukanya indabyo, no kongera ubushobozi bwo kwirinda imihangayiko. Bitewe n'umugozi wa karuboni wa paclobutrazol, imikorere yayo mu binyabuzima n'ingaruka zayo mu buvuzi ni inshuro 6 kugeza ku 10 n'inshuro 4 kugeza ku 10 ziruta iza paclobutrazol, kandi ingano isigaye mu butaka ni kimwe cya kane cy'iya paclobutrazol, kandi imikorere yayo. Igipimo cyo kwangirika kirihuta, kandi ingaruka ku bihingwa bikurikira ni 1/5 gusa cy'iya paclobutrazol.
Ingaruka mbi za uniconazole: iyo ikoreshejwe ku gipimo gikabije, itera uburozi bw'ibimera, igatera gutwika ibimera, kuruma, gukura nabi, amababi agahinduka nabi, amababi agagwa, indabyo zikagwa, imbuto zikagwa, zitinda gukura, nibindi, kandi kuyikoresha mu gihe cy'imbuto z'imboga nabyo bigira ingaruka ku mikurire y'imbuto. Ni uburozi ku mafi kandi ntabwo ikwiriye gukoreshwa mu byuzi by'amafi n'ahandi hantu ho kororera inyamaswa zo mu mazi.
(4) Peptidamine (Mepinium): Ni umuti ubuza gibberell. Ishobora kongera uburyo chlorophyll ikorwamo, ikimera kirakomeye, gishobora kwinjira mu mababi n'imizi y'ikimera, kigakwirakwira mu kimera cyose, bityo kikabuza uturemangingo kwiyongera no kwiganza mu bimera, kandi gishobora no kugabanya utubuto tw'imbere no gutuma ubwoko bw'ikimera bugabanuka. Ishobora gutinza imikurire y'ibimera by'ikimera, ikabuza ikimera gukura neza, kandi igatinza gufunga. Peptamine ishobora kongera ubushobozi bwo gutuza uturemangingo tw'ikimera no kongera ubushobozi bwo kwirinda guhangayika kw'ikimera. Ugereranyije na paclobutrazol na uniconazole, ifite ubushobozi bwo kuvura bworoshye, nta gushyuha, kandi ifite umutekano mwinshi. Ishobora gukoreshwa mu bihe byose by'ihinga, ndetse no mu gihe cy'imbuto n'indabyo igihe ibihingwa biba byibasiwe cyane n'imiti. , kandi nta ngaruka mbi mbi.
(5) Chlormetrodin: Igira ingaruka zo kugenzura ibikorwa bikabije binyuze mu kubuza ikorwa rya gibberellin yo mu bwoko bwa endogenous. Chlormetrodin igira ingaruka ku mikurire y'ibimera, iringaniza imikurire y'ibimera n'imikurire y'imyororokere, irushaho kunoza imyumbati n'umuvuduko w'imbuto, kandi yongera umusaruro mwiza wo guhinga. Itinda kwaguka kw'uturemangingo, ibimera bigufi, amashami akomeye, kandi igabanya internodes.
Bitandukanye na paclobutrazol na mepiperonium, paclobutrazol ikunze gukoreshwa mu gihe cy'imbuto no mu gihe cy'imishishe mishya, kandi igira ingaruka nziza ku bunyobwa, ariko ingaruka ku bihingwa by'umuhindo n'itumba ni rusange; Ku bihingwa bigufi, gukoresha nabi chlormethaline akenshi bitera kugabanuka kw'ibihingwa kandi uburozi bw'ibimera bugakomera kugabanya; mepipenium ni ntoya cyane, kandi ishobora kugabanuka hakoreshejwe gutera gibberellin cyangwa kuhira kugira ngo yongere uburumbuke nyuma y'uburozi bw'ibimera.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Nyakanga-19-2022