Gukura kw'ibimeraretarder ni ngombwa mugikorwa cyo gutera imyaka.Muguhuza imikurire yibimera no gukura kwimyororokere yibihingwa, ubuziranenge bwiza numusaruro mwinshi urashobora kuboneka.Ikura ryikura ryibihingwa mubisanzwe ririmo paclobutrazol, uniconazole, peptidomimetics, chlormethalin, nibindi nkubwoko bushya bwo gukura kw'ibimera, calcium ya prohexadione yitabiriwe cyane ku isoko mu myaka yashize, kandi umubare w'abiyandikisha nawo wiyongereye vuba.Hanyuma,paclobutrazol, niconazole, paroxamine, chlorhexidine, na calcium ya prohexadione, ni irihe tandukaniro riri mubikorwa byo kwisoko ryibicuruzwa?
(1) Kalisiyumu ya Prohexadione: Nubwoko bushya bwo gukura kw'ibimera.
Igikorwa ni uko ishobora kubuza GA1 muri gibberelline, kugabanya igihe kirekire cyibiti, bityo bikagenzura imikurire y’ibimera.Muri icyo gihe, nta ngaruka igira kuri GA4 igenzura itandukanyirizo ry’indabyo n’ibimera.
Kalisiyumu ya Prohexadione yatangijwe mu Buyapani mu 1994 mu rwego rwo gukura kwa acyl cyclohexanedione.Ivumburwa rya calcium ya prohexadione itandukanye niyumunyu wa kane wa amonium (chameleon, mepinium), triazoles (paclobutrazol, alkene) Ibimera bikura bikura nka oxazole) byashizeho umurima mushya wo kubuza gibberellin biosynthesis, kandi byashyizwe mubucuruzi. kandi ikoreshwa cyane mu Burayi no muri Amerika.Kugeza ubu, prohexadione-calcium ihangayikishijwe cyane n’inganda zo mu gihugu, impamvu nyamukuru ni uko ugereranije na triazole retarders, prohexadione-calcium idafite uburozi busigara ku bimera bizunguruka, nta kwanduza ibidukikije, kandi bifite inyungu zikomeye.Mu bihe biri imbere, irashobora gusimbuza imikurire ya triazole, kandi ifite amahirwe menshi yo gukoreshwa mumirima, ibiti byimbuto, indabyo, ibikoresho byimiti yubushinwa nibihingwa byubukungu.
(2) Paclobutrazol: Nibibuza aside endogenous gibberellic aside.Ifite ingaruka zo gutinza imikurire yibihingwa, kubuza kuramba kwibihingwa, kugabanya interode, guteza imbere guhinga, kongera imbaraga zo guhangana n’ibimera, guteza imbere itandukaniro ry’indabyo no kongera umusaruro.Paclobutrazol ikwiriye guhingwa nk'umuceri, ingano, ibishyimbo, ibiti by'imbuto, soya, ibyatsi, n'ibindi, kandi bifite ingaruka zidasanzwe zo kugenzura imikurire.
Ingaruka mbi za paclobutrazol: Gukoresha cyane birashobora gutera ibihingwa bya dwarf, imizi n'ibijumba byahindutse, amababi yagoramye, indabyo zitavuga, kumena imburagihe amababi ashaje munsi, no kugoreka no kugabanuka amababi akiri mato.Bitewe nigihe kirekire cyo gukora paclobutrazol, gukoresha cyane bizaguma mu butaka, kandi bizanatera phytotoxicity ku gihingwa gikurikiraho, bikavamo nta gutera ingemwe, gutinda kugaragara, umuvuduko ukabije w’ingemwe, hamwe n’ubumuga bw’ingemwe n’ibindi bimenyetso bya phytotoxique.
(3) Uniconazole: Ninibuza gibberellin.Ifite imirimo yo kugenzura imikurire y’ibimera, kugabanya interode, ibihingwa byangiza, guteza imbere imikurire y’uruhande no gutandukanya indabyo, no kongera imbaraga zo kurwanya imihangayiko.Bitewe na karubone inshuro ebyiri za paclobutrazol, ibikorwa by’ibinyabuzima n’ingaruka z’ubuvuzi bikubye inshuro 6 kugeza ku 10 ndetse bikubye inshuro 4 kugeza ku 10 kurenza ibya paclobutrazol, kandi umubare usigaye mu butaka ni hafi kimwe cya kane cy’ibya paclobutrazol, kandi imikorere yacyo Igipimo cyo kubora kirihuta, kandi ingaruka ku bihingwa byakurikiyeho ni 1/5 gusa cya paclobutrazol.
Ingaruka mbi za uniconazole: iyo ikoreshejwe mukurenza urugero, bizatera phytotoxicity, itera ibimera gutwika, byumye, gukura nabi, ubumuga bwamababi, amababi agwa, indabyo zigwa, imbuto zigwa, gukura bitinze, nibindi, no kubishyira mubikorwa byo gutera imboga; bizagira ingaruka kandi ku mikurire y’ingemwe, Nuburozi bw’amafi kandi ntibukwiriye gukoreshwa mu byuzi by’amafi no mu yandi matungo y’amazi.
(4) Peptidamine (Mepinium): Ni inhibitori ya gibberellin.Irashobora kongera synthesis ya chlorophyll, igihingwa kirakomeye, gishobora kwinjizwa mumababi no mumizi yikimera, kandi kikanduzwa mubihingwa byose, bityo bikabuza kurambura ingirabuzimafatizo no kwiganza kwa apical, kandi birashobora no kugabanya interode no gukora igihingwa. andika compact.Irashobora kudindiza imikurire yikimera, ikabuza igihingwa kumera, no gutinda gufunga.Peptamine irashobora kunoza imitekerereze ya selile no kongera imbaraga zo kurwanya ibimera.Ugereranije na paclobutrazol na uniconazole, ifite imiti yoroheje, nta kurakara, n'umutekano mwinshi.Irashobora gukoreshwa mubihe byose byibihingwa, ndetse no mugihe cyo gutera no kurabyo mugihe ibihingwa byumva ibiyobyabwenge cyane., kandi mubyukuri nta ngaruka mbi.
(5) Chlormetrodin: Igera ku ngaruka zo kugenzura hyperactivite ihagarika synthesis ya endogenous gibberellin.Chlormetrodine igira ingaruka ku mikurire y’ibihingwa, iringaniza imikurire y’ibimera n’ikura ry’imyororokere, itezimbere umwanda n’igipimo cy’imbuto, kandi ikongera guhinga neza.Gutinda kurambura ingirabuzimafatizo, ibimera bya dwarf, ibiti bikomeye, no kugabanya interode.
Bitandukanye na paclobutrazol na mepiperonium, paclobutrazol ikoreshwa kenshi mugihe cyo gutera no mu cyiciro gishya cyo kurasa, kandi igira ingaruka nziza kubishyimbo, ariko ingaruka ku bihingwa byizuba n'itumba ni rusange;Ku bihingwa bigufi, gukoresha nabi chlormethalin akenshi bizatera kugabanuka kw ibihingwa kandi phytotoxicity iragoye kuyorohereza;mepiperinium iroroshye, kandi irashobora koroherwa no gutera gibberelline cyangwa kuvomera kugirango byongere uburumbuke nyuma ya phytotoxicity.
Igihe cyoherejwe: Nyakanga-19-2022