Fluoxapyr ni umuti wa karboxamideumuti wica udukokoyakozwe na BASF. Ifite ibikorwa byiza byo kwirinda no kuvura. Ikoreshwa mu gukumira no kurwanya indwara z’ibihumyo, nibura ubwoko 26 bw’indwara z’ibihumyo. Ishobora gukoreshwa mu bihingwa bigera ku 100, nk’ibinyampeke, ibinyamisogwe, ibinyampeke, ibinyamisogwe, ibiti by’imbuto bya pome n’amabuye, imboga z’imizi n’ibirayi, imboga z’imbuto n’ipamba, amababi cyangwa imbuto. Fluoxafenamide ni umuti ugabanya ubukana bwa dehydrogenase kandi ni umuti mwiza wo kurwanya ibihumyo wakozwe mu myaka ya vuba aha.
Imiterere ya fluconazole mu bijyanye n'imibiri
Izina ry'ibinyabutabire bya Fluconazole: 3-(difluoromethyl)-1-methyl-N-(3′,4′,5′-trifluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, 3-(difluoro Methyl)-1-methyl-N-(3′,4′,5′-trifluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide; CAS No: 907204-31-3, Formula ya molekile: C18H12F5N3O. Uburemere bwa molekile: 381.31 g/mol.Fluoxapyr (ubuziranenge 99.3%) ni umweru uva kuri beige, nta mpumuro, aho gushonga ni 156.8℃, ubucucike (20℃) 1.42 g/mL, ibora kuri dogere 230℃, igitutu cy'umwuka (cyagereranyijwe): 2.7×10-9 Pa (20°C), 8.1×10-9 Pa (25°C); Henry's constant: 3.028×10-7 Pa·m3/mol. Gushonga (20℃): amazi 3.88 mg/L (pH 5.84), 3.78 mg/L (pH 4.01), 3.44 mg/L (pH 7.00), 3.84 mg/L (pH 9.00); organic solvent (ubuziranenge bwa tekiniki 99.2) %) (g/L, 20℃): acetone>250, acetonitrile 167.6±0.2, dichloromethane 146.1±0.3, ethyl acetate 123.3±0.2, methanol 53.4±0.0, toluene 20.0±0.0, n-octanol 4.69±0.1, n-heptane 0.106±0.001. coefficient ya n-octanol-amazi (20°C): deionized water log Kow 3.08, log Kow 3.09 (pH 4), log Kow 3.13 (pH 7), log Kow 3.09 (pH 9), impuzandengo ya log Kow (3.10±0.02). Ihamye mu gipimo cy'amazi kiri kuri pH 4, 5, 7, 9 mu gihe cy'umwijima kandi kitarimo umwanda. Amatara arahamye.
Uburozi bwa Fluoxafen
Uburozi bukabije bwo mu kanwa mu mbeba (ingore) bw'umuti w'umwimerere wa fluconazole: LD50≥2.000 mg/kg, uburozi bukabije bwo mu ruhu mu mbeba (ingore n'igitsina gabo): LD50>2.000 mg/kg, uburozi bukabije bwo guhumeka mu mbeba (ingore n'igitsina gabo): LC50＞5.1 mg/L; kurakara gato ku maso y'urukwavu no ku ruhu rw'urukwavu; nta kumva uruhu rw'ingurube. Nta kanseri, nta gutera indwara, nta ngaruka mbi ku kororoka, nta burozi bwo mu ngirabuzimafatizo, uburozi bwo mu bwonko n'uburozi bw'umubiri.
Uburozi bukabije ku nyoni LD50＞2.000 mg/kg, uburozi bukabije kuri Daphnia 6.78 mg/L (amasaha 48), uburozi bukabije ku mafi (amasaha 96) LC50 0.546 mg/L, uburozi bukabije ku nyamaswa zo mu mazi zitarimo urutirigongo (amasaha 48) EC50 6.78 mg/L, uburozi bukabije ku bimera byo mu mazi (amasaha 72) EC50 0.70 mg/L, uburozi bukabije ku nzuki (amasaha 48) LD50>100 μg/inzuki, uburozi bukabije ku nzuki (amasaha 48) LD50>110.9 μg/inzuki, uburozi bukabije ku nzoka zo mu butaka ni LC50>1.000 mg/kg (iminsi 14). Dukurikije amakuru yavuzwe haruguru, bigaragara ko Fluoxafen ari uburozi ku binyabuzima byo mu mazi kandi ko ifite uburozi buke ku bindi binyabuzima by’ingirakamaro.
Uburyo fluoxafen ikora
Fluoxafenamide ni umuti ubuza dehydrogenase ya succinate, ukora kuri dehydrogenase ya succinate iri mu gice cya kabiri cy’uruhererekane rw’ubuhumekero bwa mitochondrial kugira ngo ihagarike imikorere yayo, bityo ikabuza kumera kw’udukoko twanduza ibihumyo, gukura kw’imiyoboro y’uturemangingo na mycelium.
Ibintu bigenzura Fluconazole
Fluoxamide ni nziza cyane, ifite imiterere yagutse, iraramba, ihitamo, ifite ubushobozi bwo gutwara ibintu mu buryo bwiza, kandi irwanya isuri y'imvura. Ishobora kurwanya neza ibinyampeke, soya, ibigori, imbuto za rapese, ibiti by'imbuto, imboga, na beterave binyuze mu kuvura ibimera n'imbuto. , ubunyobwa, ipamba, ubwatsi n'ibihingwa byihariye, nibindi, nk'ibinyampeke, soya, ibiti by'imbuto n'imboga biterwa na Concha, Botrytis cinerea, Powdery mildew, Cercospora, Puccinia, Rhizoctonia, Sclerotium Indwara ziterwa n'ibihumyo byo mu kanwa, botrytis cinerea, ingese, powdery mildew y'ibinyamisogwe, powdery mildew, sunflower n'indwara za rapeseed ziterwa na Alternaria, nibindi. BASF yanditswe kugira ngo ikoreshwe ku bihingwa birenga 70 bitarenze 2015, igamije kwiyandikisha kugira ngo ikoreshwe ku bihingwa birenga 100.
Fluoxafen ifite ubushobozi bwo kwihuza n'ibindi bihingwa, kandi hari ubwoko bwinshi bw'ibikomoka ku bimera. Adexar (fluconazole + epoxiconazole) ikoreshwa mu ngano, sayiri, triticale, rye na oats kugira ngo irwanye ifu y'ibihumyo, indwara y'ibibabi, indwara y'ibihumyo, ingese y'imirongo n'ingese y'ibibabi. Priaxor (flufenapyr + pyraclostrobin) yanditswe muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika ku bihingwa bya soya, inyanya, ibirayi n'ibindi bihingwa byo mu murima, kandi igira ingaruka zidasanzwe ku kurwanya ibara ry'umukara wa soya (Septoria glycines); Orkestra SC (flufenapyr + Pyraclostrobin) yanditswe muri Brezili ku bihingwa bya soya, indimu, ibirayi, ibitunguru, karoti, pome, mangoe, amahumbe, concombre, urusenda, inyanya, canola, ubunyobwa, ibishyimbo by'impyiko, ibihwagari, amasaka, ibigori, ingano n'indabyo (Chrysanthemum na roza), nibindi, ishobora kurwanya ingese ya soya yo muri Aziya, yongera fotosinthesisite y'ibihingwa, kandi igakoreshwa mu kurwanya indwara. Priaxor D (flufenapyr + pyraclostrobin + tetraflufenazole) yanditswe muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika mu rwego rwo gukumira no kurwanya ibara ry’umukara wa soya rirwanya imiti irwanya imibu ya methoxyacrylate. Umuti uvura imbuto Obvius (flufenapyr + pyraclostrobin + metalaxyl) wanditswe muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika kandi ushobora kurwanya indwara zitandukanye z’imiti itera imibu mu bihingwa byinshi.
Imiti irwanya indwara ya succinate dehydrogenase yariyongereye cyane mu myaka ya vuba aha, kandi fluoxamide ni yo ikomoka ku bwoko bw'imiti irwanya indwara ya fungi, bitewe n'ubushobozi bwayo bwo hejuru, imiterere yayo yagutse, imikorere yayo mu buryo bw'umubiri, ikwiriye ibihingwa bitandukanye n'ibindi biranga. By'umwihariko, iterambere rihoraho ry'ibikomoka kuri yo ryaguze imiterere y'imiti ikoreshwa n'ibihingwa, kandi yabaye isaro ryiza ku isoko ry'imiti irwanya indwara ya fungi.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Nyakanga-18-2022