Ubushyuhe bwinshi bukabije muri rusange buvuga ibiza by’ikirere aho ubushyuhe burenze urugero rw’ubushyuhe bukwiriye gukura kw’ibihingwa, bigatera kwangirika kw’ibimera no kuzamuka kwabyo, bigatuma umusaruro ugabanuka cyangwa se bikananirana burundu. Kugira ngo tugabanye igihombo giterwa n’ikirere gishyushye cyane, ni byiza ko abahinzi bafata ingamba zijyanye nabyo kugira ngoibihingwa bitandukanye n'ibyiciro bitandukanye by'imikurire.
Umuceri
Ingaruka z'ubushyuhe bwinshi ku muceri: Umuceri ni igihingwa gikunda ubushyuhe kandi kirangwa n'ubushyuhe bwinshi mu gihe cyo gutera no gutera (ni ukuvuga mu minsi 10 mbere na nyuma yo gutera). Niba ubushyuhe bw'ubutaka burenze 35°C mu gihe cyo gutera, ingingo z'imyororokere z'umuceri zizakura neza, impongo ntizikura neza, kandi imbaraga zayo zizagabanuka. Niba ubushyuhe burenze 35°C mu gihe cyo gutera no gutera indabyo, hazangirika ubushyuhe, bikagira ingaruka ku gukwirakwira kw'impongo no kugabanuka kw'imiyoboro y'impongo, bigatuma impongo zitabasha gufumbira no kurema ibishishwa by'ibinyampeke bidafite icyo bitanga, bigatuma umusaruro ugabanuka, uburemere bw'ibinyampeke igihumbi bugabanuka, ndetse bikananirana burundu.
Ingamba zo kwirinda kwangirika k'ubushyuhe:
1. Kongera imbaraga mu gucunga amazi yo mu murima. Mu cyiciro cyo gutera imbuto, umurima w'umuceri ugomba kuvomerwa n'amazi afite ubujyakuzimu bwa santimetero 5-10, bishobora kugabanya ubushyuhe bw'ubutaka bw'umuceri, bikongera imbaraga z'imizi, ndetse bikongera ubushuhe bw'ikirere mu gice cyo hejuru, ibyo bikaba byiza mu gufumbira no gutera imbuto z'umuceri. Ku mirima y'umuceri iri mu cyiciro cyo kuzuza, kuhira amazi make cyane no kuvomerera amazi nijoro bishobora gukoreshwa kugira ngo hirindwe "kwera cyane" no kugabanya uburemere bw'ingano igihumbi.
2. Witondere kurwanya udukoko mu gihe cy’ikura ry’umuceri hagati n’irya nyuma. Ubushyuhe bwinshi buzihutisha ikwirakwira ry’udukoko. Igihe gikwiye cyo kurwanya udukoko mu muceri ni igihe cyo gutera amagi no kuzamuka kw’inkoko mu nshuro 1-2. Ifu y’amazi 10% y’imidacloprid cyangwa ifu y’amazi 25% ya thiazopyr·isoprocarb ishobora gusukwa hagati no hasi y’umuceri, ikagumana amazi make mu gihe cy’iminsi 3-5.
3. Fata ifumbire y'ibimera. Gutera umuti wa superphosphate ya 3% cyangwa umuti wa potassium ya dihydrogen ya 0.2% bishobora kongera ubushobozi bw'ibimera by'umuceri bwo guhangana n'ubushyuhe bwinshi, bigagabanya ubushyuhe bwangiritse, kandi bikongera umusaruro n'uburemere bw'ibinyampeke igihumbi.
Imboga
Ingaruka z'ubushyuhe bwinshi ku mboga: Iyo amazi yinjizwa n'imizi y'imboga mu butaka adashobora guhaza ibyifuzo by'ibimera byo guhumeka, azatuma amababi y'ibimera agorama, agwa, agabanuka mu bwiza, agabanya umusaruro, ndetse aruma hanyuma agapfa. Mu bihe by'ubushyuhe bwinshi, umubare w'indabyo z'imboga uba muto, zikura nabi kandi ubushobozi bwazo bwo kurwanya udukoko n'indwara buragabanuka, kandi ibibazo by'udukoko n'indwara birakomeye.
Ingamba zo kwirinda kwangirika k'ubushyuhe:
1. Hitamo gutera ubwoko bw'imboga bukwiriye guhingwa mu gace kandi bufite ubushobozi bwo guhangana n'ubushyuhe bwinshi n'indwara.
2. Guhinga ibihingwa bivangwa n'ibihingwa birebire. Koresha neza ingaruka z'igicucu cy'ibihingwa birebire, kandi uhuze uruvange rw'ibimera bikunda izuba n'ibikunda igicucu, nko gutera ibigori n'imboga zidakura neza, gutera ibihingwa by'imboga hagati y'imirongo y'ibiti by'imbuto, n'ibindi.
3. Gupfuka ibikoresho bikonjesha mu gihe gikwiye. Ku mboga z'amababi zihingwa mu mpeshyi, ni byiza kubaka ikiraro no gupfuka imiyoboro yo gukingira kugira ngo birinde izuba n'udukoko. Ushobora kandi gupfuka agace karinda imiyoboro yo gukingira. Ku mirongo y'ibihingwa yambaye ubusa, shyira urwego rw'ibyatsi, ibyatsi byasenyutse, nibindi hasi kugira ngo wirinde ubushyuhe bw'ubutaka burenze urugero. Ku mbuto z'imboga zihura n'izuba, zipfuke ibyatsi bibi, ibinyamakuru bishaje, nibindi kugira ngo wirinde ko zitwikwa n'izuba.
4. Koresha igicucu cy'amababi kugira ngo urinde imbuto. Mu gihe cy'ubushyuhe bwinshi, koresha neza ingaruka z'igiti n'amababi kugira ngo urinde imbuto. Ku buhinzi bw'imboga mu mpeshyi, muri rusange ni byiza gutera byinshi aho gutera bike, kugira ngo ugire ingaruka nziza ku giti cyawe no koroshya gukura.
5. Kuhira amazi neza. Mu gihe cy'ubushyuhe bwinshi, ongera inshuro n'ingano yo kuhira uko bikwiye. Niba ibintu bibikwemereye, koresha amazi yo kuhira amababi mu buryo bwa sprinkler cyangwa ukoresheje spray ku mababi kugira ngo wirinde ko amababi ashira. Igihe kigomba gutorwa mu gitondo cya kare cyangwa nimugoroba, kandi ntukanywe amazi ku bushyuhe bwinshi hagati mu gihe cy'amanywa. Amazi agomba gushyirwa ku rugero rwiza kandi neza kugira ngo ubutaka bukomeze kuba butose. Nyuma y'ubushyuhe bwinshi, suka amazi vuba kandi uvomere amazi akonje kugira ngo wirinde kwangirika k'ubushyuhe.
6. Ibande ku kurwanya udukoko. Mu gihe cy'ubushyuhe bwinshi n'amapfa, udukoko nka thrips, aphids, whiteflies, leafhoppers, na mites dushobora kwangirika. Ushobora gukoresha imiti yica udukoko nka imidacloprid, dinotefuran, ethephon, cypermethrin, na avermectin kugira ngo uyirwanye. Menya ko atari byiza gutera imiti yica udukoko mu gihe cy'ubushyuhe bwinshi.
Ibiti by'imbuto
Ingaruka z'ubushyuhe bwinshi ku biti by'imbuto: Nyuma y'uko ibiti by'imbuto byangiritse kubera ubushyuhe, uretse gukura nabi no gukura nabi, akenshi bigaragaramo ibishishwa by'ibiti byacitse, amashami yahiye, utudomo twangiritse ku mababi, amababi agahinduka umuhondo n'umukara; Ingaruka z'ubushyuhe bwinshi ku biti by'imbuto: Nyuma y'uko ibiti by'imbuto byagizweho ingaruka n'ubushyuhe, uretse gukura nabi no gukura nabi, akenshi bigaragaramo ibishishwa by'ibiti byacitse, amashami yahiye, utudomo twangiritse ku mababi, amababi agahinduka umuhondo n'umuhondo; iyo imbuto zangiritse gato, zigaragaza ko zikuze nabi, ko ari nto, ko zifite ibara ribi, impumuro mbi, ubwiza n'uburyo zibikwa; iyo zangiritse cyane, imbuto ziragwa kandi zigashya.
Ingamba zo kwirinda ubushyuhe:
1. Kuzuza amazi yo mu murima ku gihe. Iyo uhuye n'ikirere cy'ubushyuhe n'izuba, kuhira ibiti by'imbuto ku gihe bigomba gukorwa. Mu kongera amazi yo mu butaka no kunoza ubushuhe bw'ibiti by'imbuto, ibikenewe by'amababi yo guhumeka no kwagura imbuto bishobora kugerwaho, bigabanye kwangirika kw'amapfa n'ubushyuhe bwinshi ku biti by'imbuto. Gerageza kuhira mu gitondo cyangwa nimugoroba, kandi nijoro birashoboka. Mu bihe byumye cyane, bishobora gukorwa ku rugero ruto kandi inshuro nyinshi, kandi ntibyemewe gutanga amazi menshi icyarimwe kugira ngo wirinde ko imbuto zicika.
2. kongera ubushuhe bw'ubusitani. Binyuze mu bikoresho byo gusukura ibiti, gukonjesha amazi cyangwa spray bikorwa ku giti no hagati y'imirongo nimugoroba cyangwa nijoro kugira ngo hongerwe ikirere cy'ubusitani no kugabanya kwangirika k'ubushyuhe bwinshi n'izuba ryinshi ku giti no ku mbuto.
3. Gupfuka amazi ahagije. Ibishishwa by'umuceri, amababi, nibindi bishobora gukoreshwa mu gupfuka ikiziba cy'igiti kugira ngo bigabanye ubushyuhe bw'ubutaka ku mizi no kugabanya imyuka y'amazi.
4. Gusiga igicucu cyangwa gusiga irangi ku giti. Ku mirima mishya yubatswe cyangwa ikiri mito, ibigori bike cyangwa ibindi bihingwa birebire bishobora guterwa mu murongo kugira ngo bitange igicucu. Ku mirima mishya y’imbuto, ni ngombwa gushyira irangi ku giti kugira ngo ugabanye ingaruka z’ubushyuhe bwinshi n’amapfa ku biti by’imbuto.
5. Gufumbira buri gihe. Mu gihe cy'ubushyuhe n'izuba, shyira buri gihe umuti wa aside fosforike dihydrogen potasiyumu inshuro 600-800 ku biti by'imbuto kugira ngo ugabanye neza imyenge y'amababi, ugabanye amazi aturuka mu mubiri w'igiti, kandi wongere ubushobozi bwo kurwanya amapfa mu mubiri w'igiti.
6. Kurinda indwara n'udukoko. Mu gihe cy'ubushyuhe n'izuba, biroroshye gutera kwiyongera kw'udukoko, udukoko tw'inkoko n'utundi dukoko ndetse n'amababi y'umuhondo, icyorezo cy'imizi. Ni ngombwa kwita cyane ku kwirinda. Iyo imbuto zangiritse gato, zigaragaza ko zikuze nabi, ingano nto, ibara ribi, impumuro mbi, ubwiza n'uburyo zibikwa; iyo zangiritse cyane, imbuto ziragwa kandi zigashya.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kamena-02-2026
