Umubu utera malariya witwa Anopheles (Nyssorhynchus darlini), urimo urushaho kurwanya imiti yica udukoko.

Nk’uko raporo y’Umuryango w’Abibumbye wita ku Buzima yo mu 2025 ibivuga, abarwayi ba malariya muri Amerika biyongereyeho 15.7% hagati ya 2015 na 2024.
Malariya ni indwara ikwirakwizwa mu maraso n'imibu itera udukoko twa Plasmodium. Nubwo imibu yashyizwe mu bikorwa mu kurwanya malariya, malariya iracyari nyinshi mu bice bimwe na bimwe bya Amerika y'Epfo, Aziya na Afurika. Mu nyandiko yo muri Werurwe mu kinyamakuru Science, Jacob Tennison na bagenzi be basuzumye imiterere y'uturemangingo twa Anopheles (Nyssorhynchus) darlini, ari na yo ndwara y'ingenzi itera malariya muri Amerika y'Epfo. Abashakashatsi basanze Anopheles darlini irimo kugerageza kurwanya imiti yica udukoko.
Tennessen na bagenzi be bakurikiranye ingero za genome z'imibu 1.094 yo mu bihugu bitandatu (Brezili, Kolombiya, Guyana y'Abafaransa, Guyana, Peru, na Venezuwela). Basanze impinduka za genome zigaruka kenshi mu baturage baturanye, cyane cyane mu ishami rya 150-kb rigizwe na genome esheshatu zigizwe na cytochrome P450. Impinduka mu ngirabuzimafatizo za P450 zifitanye isano no kudakira imiti yica udukoko ya pyrethroid, nk'uko byagaragaye muri Anopheles funestus na Anopheles gambiae muri Afurika yo munsi y'ubutayu bwa Sahara.
Ishimire uburyo bwo gusobanukirwa ibintu mu buryo budasanzwe binyuze mu rubuga rumwe ruhuza amakuru yihariye, ubwenge bw'ubukorano, n'ubumenyi bw'inzobere.
Abanditsi bagaragaje kandi ko iyi mihindagurikire itoranya cyane ari polymorphism muri gene ya CYP6AA1, aho allele imwe ishyira threonine ku mwanya wa 283, indi igashyira lysine. Kugira ngo barebe niba iyi polymorphism itanga ubudahangarwa ku mibu, abashakashatsi bafashe 16 darlingi zo mu gasozi za Anopheles darlingi maze bazivura deltamethrin. Ibisubizo byagaragaje ko imibu ifite polymorphism ya threonine-lysine yarokotse igihe kirekire cyane kurusha iyo muri homozygous kuri threonine cyangwa homozygous kuri lysine. Bityo, ubwoko bwa Anopheles darlingi burimo gutoranywa mu guhindura imiterere y’imihindagurikire yongera ubudahangarwa bwayo kuri deltamethrin.
Nk’uko bigaragara muri raporo y’Umuryango w’Abibumbye wita ku Buzima (OMS) ya 2025, abarwayi ba malariya muri Amerika biyongereyeho 15.7% hagati ya 2015 na 2024, aho Venezuela, Brezili, na Kolombiya ari byo 75% by’aba bantu banduye. Abahanga mu by’indwara z’ibyorezo bo muri GlobalData bateganya ko mu 2026, Brezili izaba ifite abarwayi ba malariya barenga 160.000 bemejwe n’abanduye ndetse n’abandi bashya barenga miliyoni 1.6.
Urufunguzo rwo kurandura malariya ruri mu kurwanya udukoko. Imibu yo mu bwoko bwa Anopheles africanus yagize ubudahangarwa ku miti yica udukoko, kandi uku kudahangarwa kwayo bisa nkaho kurimo guhinduka ukwayo mu mibu yo mu bwoko bwa Anopheles dulcis. Uko igitutu cy’ubwihindurize gikomeza gutuma imibu irwanya, kurwanya imibu bizarushaho kugorana, kandi kurandura malariya bizarushaho kugorana. Kubwibyo, hagomba gushyirwa imbere izindi nzira zo kurwanya indwara n’izindi ndwara.
Ishimire uburyo bwo gusobanukirwa ibintu mu buryo budasanzwe binyuze mu rubuga rumwe ruhuza amakuru yihariye, ubwenge bw'ubukorano, n'ubumenyi bw'inzobere.
Nyamuneka reba Politiki yacu y'ibanga kugira ngo umenye byinshi kuri serivisi zacu, harimo uburyo dukoresha, dutunganya, kandi tugasangiza amakuru yawe bwite, uburenganzira bwawe ku makuru yawe bwite, n'uburyo bwo kuva mu itumanaho ryamamaza mu gihe kizaza. Serivisi zacu zigenewe abakoresha ubucuruzi, kandi uremeza ko aderesi imeri utanga ari aderesi imeri y'ubucuruzi bwawe.