Karl Dirks, wateye hegitari 1.000 ku musozi wa Joy, muri Pennsylvania, yagiye yumva ibijyanye n'izamuka ry’ibiciro bya glyphosate na glufosine, ariko nta bwoba afite kuri ibi.Yagize ati: “Ntekereza ko igiciro kizisana ubwacyo.Ibiciro biri hejuru bikunda kujya hejuru.Ntabwo mpangayitse cyane.Ndi mu itsinda ryabantu badafite impungenge, ariko nitonda.Tuzashakisha inzira. ”
Icyakora, Chip Bowling, yateye hegitari 275 z'ibigori na hegitari 1,250 za soya i Newberg, muri Leta ya Maryland, ntabwo yizeye cyane.Aherutse kugerageza gutumiza glyphosate muri R&D Cross, imbuto zaho nogukwirakwiza ibicuruzwa, ariko uwabitanze ntiyashoboye gutanga igiciro cyangwa itariki yo kugemura.Nk’uko Bowling abitangaza ngo ku nkombe y'iburasirazuba, basaruye byinshi (mu myaka myinshi ikurikiranye).Ariko buri myaka mike, hazabaho imyaka hamwe nibisohoka cyane.Niba icyi gitaha gishyushye kandi cyumye, birashobora kuba ingaruka mbi ku bahinzi bamwe.
Ibiciro bya glyphosate na glufosine (Liberty) byarenze amateka y’amateka kubera gukomeza gutanga isoko kandi nta terambere riteganijwe mbere yimpeshyi itaha.
Nk’uko byatangajwe na Dwight Lingenfelter, impuguke mu byatsi muri kaminuza ya Leta ya Penn, ngo hari impamvu nyinshi zibitera, harimo ibibazo by’itangwa ry’itangwa ry’igihe kirekire ryatewe n’icyorezo gishya cy’umusonga, kutabasha gucukura amabuye ya fosifate ahagije yo gukora glyphosate, Container n’ububiko, kimwe no gufunga no gufungura uruganda runini rwa Bayer CropScience muri Louisiana kubera igihuhusi Ida.
Lingenfelter yizera ati: “Ibi biterwa no kurenga ku bintu bitandukanye muri iki gihe.”Yavuze ko intego rusange ya glyphosate ku madolari 12.50 kuri gallon muri 2020 ubu isaba amadorari 35 kugeza 40.Glufosinate-ammonium, yaboneka kuri US $ 33 kugeza 34 US $ kuri gallon icyo gihe, ubu irasaba amadorari 80.Niba ufite amahirwe yo gutumiza ibyatsi bimwe na bimwe, witegure gutegereza.
Ati: “Abantu bamwe batekereza ko niba itegeko rishobora kuhagera, ntirishobora kugera muri Kamena umwaka utaha cyangwa nyuma y'izuba.Duhereye ku kwica nyakatsi, iki nikibazo.Ntekereza ko aha ariho turi ubu.Ibihe, ni ngombwa gusuzuma byimazeyo icyakorwa kugira ngo ibicuruzwa bibike ”, Lingenfelter.Ibura rya "ibyatsi bibiri" rishobora gutuma habaho ingwate ya 2,4-D cyangwa clethodim ibura.Clethodim ni amahitamo yizewe yo kurwanya ibyatsi.
Gutanga ibicuruzwa bya glyphosate byuzuye gushidikanya
Ed Snyder wo muri Snyder's Crop Service ku musozi wa Joy, muri Pennsylvania, yavuze ko atizera ko isosiyete ye izaba ifite glyphosate mu mpeshyi itaha.
Snyder yavuze ko aribwo yabwiye abakiriya be.Ntibashoboraga gutanga itariki yagereranijwe.Ntushobora gusezeranya ibicuruzwa ushobora kubona.Yavuze kandi ko nta glyphosate, abakiriya be bashobora guhindukirira ibindi byatsi bisanzwe, nka Gramoxone (paraquat).Amakuru meza nuko marike-name premixes irimo glyphosate, nka Halex GT nyuma yo kugaragara, iracyaboneka henshi.
Shawn Miller wo muri Melvin Weaver na Sons bavuze ko igiciro cyica ibyatsi cyazamutse cyane.Yagiye aganira n’abakiriya igiciro cyinshi bifuza kwishyura ku bicuruzwa n’uburyo bwo kongera agaciro k’ibyatsi kuri gallon nibamara kubona ibicuruzwa.agaciro.
Miller ntazemera no gutumiza muri 2022, kubera ko ibicuruzwa byose bishyurwa mugihe cyoherejwe, bitandukanye cyane nibihe bishobora kugurwa hakiri kare.Ariko, aracyizera ko igihe cy'impeshyi nikigera, ibicuruzwa bizagaragara, kandi asenga ngo bizabe nkibi.Yagize ati: “Ntidushobora gushyiraho igiciro kuko tutazi aho igiciro kiri.Umuntu wese arahangayitse. ”
Abahanga bakoresha imiti yica ibyatsi
Kuri abo bahinzi bafite amahirwe yo kubona ibicuruzwa mbere yimpeshyi, Lingenfelter avuga ko bagomba gutekereza uburyo bwo kuzigama ibicuruzwa cyangwa kugerageza ubundi buryo bwo gukoresha impeshyi kare.Yavuze ko aho gukoresha Roundup Powermax ya garama 32, ari byiza kuyigabanya kugeza kuri 22.Byongeye kandi, niba itangwa ari rito, igihe cyo gutera kigomba gufatwa-niba ari ukwica cyangwa gutera imyaka.
Kureka ubwoko bwa soya ya santimetero 30 no guhinduranya ubwoko bwa santimetero 15 birashobora gutuma urutoki rwiyongera kandi rukarwanya urumamfu.Birumvikana ko gutegura ubutaka rimwe na rimwe ari amahitamo, ariko mbere yibyo, ibitagenda neza bigomba kwitabwaho: kongera ibiciro bya lisansi, gutakaza ubutaka, no gusenya igihe kirekire kidahingwa.
Lingenfelter yavuze ko iperereza na ryo ari ingenzi, kimwe no kugenzura ibiteganijwe mu murima usanzwe ari mwiza.
Ati: "Mu mwaka cyangwa ibiri iri imbere, dushobora kubona imirima myinshi y'ibyatsi".Ati: "Kuri nyakatsi zimwe, witegure kwemera ko igipimo cyo kugenzura kiri hafi 70% aho kuba 90% byabanje."
Ariko iki gitekerezo nacyo gifite imbogamizi.Lingenfelter yavuze ko urumamfu rwinshi rusobanura umusaruro muke kandi urumamfu rutera ikibazo ruzagorana kurwanya.Iyo uhuye ninzabibu za amaranth na amaranth, igipimo cyo kurwanya nyakatsi 75% ntabwo gihagije.Kuri shamrock cyangwa umuzi utukura quinoa, igipimo cya 75% gishobora kuba gihagije.Ubwoko bwa nyakatsi buzagena urwego rwo kubigenzura byoroshye.
Gary Snyder wo muri Nutrien, ukorana n'abahinzi bagera ku 150 mu majyepfo y'uburasirazuba bwa Pennsylvania, yavuze ko uko imiti yica ibyatsi igeze, yaba glyphosate cyangwa glufosine, izashyirwa mu bikorwa kandi ikoreshwe neza.
Yavuze ko abahinzi bagomba kwagura imiti yica ibyatsi mu mpeshyi itaha kandi bakarangiza gahunda vuba kugira ngo birinde ibyatsi bibi kuba ikibazo gikomeye mu gihe cyo gutera.Aragira inama abahinzi bataratoranya ibigori bivangwa n’ibigori kugura imbuto zifite uburyo bwiza bwo guhitamo ibyatsi nyuma yo kurwanya nyakatsi.
Ati: “Ikibazo gikomeye ni imbuto nziza.Sasa vuba bishoboka.Witondere urumamfu mu gihingwa.Ibicuruzwa byasohotse mu myaka ya za 90 biracyari mu bubiko, kandi ibi birashobora gukorwa.Uburyo bwose bugomba gusuzumwa ”, Snyder.
Bowling yavuze ko azakomeza inzira zose.Niba ibiciro by'inyongeramusaruro, harimo n'ibimera, bikomeje kuba byinshi kandi ibiciro by'ibihingwa bikananirwa gukomeza, arateganya guhindura imirima myinshi kuri soya, kubera ko soya ihendutse gukura.Ashobora kandi guhindura imirima myinshi kugirango akure ibyatsi byatsi.
Lingenfelter yizera ko abahinzi batazategereza igihe cy'itumba cyangwa impeshyi kugira ngo batangire kwita kuri iki kibazo.Yagize ati: “Ndizera ko buri wese azafatana uburemere iki kibazo.Mfite impungenge ko abantu benshi bazafatwa nabi icyo gihe.Batekereza ko muri Werurwe umwaka utaha, bazashyira itegeko ku mucuruzi kandi bazashobora gutwara mu rugo ikamyo y’ibyatsi cyangwa imiti yica udukoko ku munsi umwe..Iyo nabitekerejeho, bashobora kuba barahanze amaso. ”
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukuboza-15-2021