Inama Njyanama ya Leta iherutse gutangaza "Gahunda y'ibikorwa byo kuzamuka k'umukungugu mu gihe cy'imyaka itanu ya 15" (izwi nka "Gahunda y'ibikorwa"), ishyiraho gahunda yo gukora akazi ko kuzamuka k'umukungugu mu gihe cy'imyaka itanu ya 15.
“Gahunda y’ibikorwa” ivuga ko mu 2030, imyuka ihumanya ikirere mu Bushinwa ihumanya ikirere kuri buri gice cya GDP izagabanukaho 17% ugereranije no mu 2025, kandi igipimo cy’ikoreshwa ry’ingufu zitari iza kera kizagera kuri 25%.Ibi bizatuma intego yo kugabanya karuboni igerwaho ku gihe, bishyireho urufatiro ruhamye rwo kugera ku ntego z’igihugu zo kwiyemeza mu 2035 no guteza imbere kutagira karuboni ikoreshwa mu kugabanya karuboni.
"Gahunda y'ibikorwa" yashyizeho inshingano eshanu z'ingenzi. Ubwa mbere, igamije kwihutisha kunoza imiterere y'ingufu no guteza imbere iterambere ry'ingufu zitari iza kera, kongera ubushobozi bw'urwego rw'ingufu kugira ngo rushobore kwakira ingufu nshya, guteza imbere cyane uburyo bwo gusimbuza amakara neza, no kunoza imiterere y'ikoreshwa rya peteroli na gaze. Icya kabiri, yibanda ku guteza imbere impinduka mu nganda zikoresha peteroli n'iza gaze, gushishikariza impinduka mu nganda zikoresha peteroli n'iza gaze, kubungabunga ingufu no kuvugurura ikoreshwa rya karuboni mu nganda zisanzwe, kwihutisha kubaka pariki z'ingufu n'inganda zikoresha karuboni n'iza gaze, guteza imbere impinduka mu nganda zikoresha peteroli n'iza gaze, no gukoresha uruhare rw'ubukungu bushingiye ku ruziga mu kugabanya imyuka ihumanya ikirere.Icya gatatu, byongera imbaraga mu guhindura ibidukikije no mu guhindura ikirere mu buryo buciriritse mu bice by'ingenzi,guteza imbere kubungabunga ingufu no kugabanya karuboni mu rwego rw'ubwubatsi n'ibigo bya leta, kwihutisha impinduka mu rwego rw'ubwikorezi, no guhuza no kongera ubushobozi bwo gukwirakwiza karuboni mu rusobe rw'ibinyabuzima. Icya kane, ishimangira inkunga n'ingwate, inoza amategeko n'amabwiriza, inoza imibare y'ibyuka bihumanya ikirere n'uburyo bwo kubara, ishimangira inkunga ya siyansi n'ikoranabuhanga n'ubuhinzi bw'impano, yongera inkunga y'imari, inoza politiki y'ibiciro, kandi ishyiraho uburyo bwo kugurisha. Icya gatanu, ihuza imbaraga z'impande zose, isobanura inshingano z'ibanze, itangiza ibikorwa rusange bigamije kubungabunga ibidukikije n'ibihumanya ikirere, kandi ikongera ubufatanye mpuzamahanga mu kubungabunga ibidukikije n'ibihumanya ikirere.
"Gahunda y'ibikorwa" kandi igaragaza urukurikirane rw'imishinga y'ingenzi, irimo gufashanya hagati y'intara mu gutanga ingufu, gusimbuza amakara neza, kubungabunga ingufu no kugabanya karuboni mu nganda z'ingenzi, gushyushya no gukonjesha karuboni nkeya na karuboni zero, kubaka inzira zo gutwara abantu zitagira karuboni, no kongera ubushobozi bw'ibanze bwo kugabanya karuboni no kugabanya karuboni.
Gahunda y'ibikorwa bya "15-15″ Carbon Peak"
Igihe cya "Gahunda ya 14 y'imyaka itanu" ni icyiciro cy'ingenzi kandi kigoye cyo kugera ku muvuduko wa karuboni. Kugira ngo hashyirwe mu bikorwa ibyemezo n'amabwiriza bya Komite Nkuru y'Ishyaka rya Gikomunisiti ry'Ubushinwa n'Inama ya Leta, no guteza imbere no kugera ku muvuduko wa karuboni, ndetse no kwihutisha impinduka zirambye mu iterambere ry'ubukungu n'imibereho myiza, hakurikijwe ibisabwa nk'Itegeko ryo Kurengera Ibidukikije n'"Ingamba z'Isuzumabumenyi n'Isuzumabumenyi ku Muvuduko wa Karuboni no Kutagira Impagarara muri Karuboni", iyi gahunda yarateguwe.
I. Kwihutisha kunoza imiterere y'ingufu
(1) Guteza imbere cyane iterambere ry'ingufu zitari iza kera. Gukurikiza uruhurirane rw'ingufu nyinshi z'umuyaga, imirasire y'izuba, amazi, n'ingufu za kirimbuzi, no guteza imbere ingufu nshya cyane. Guhuza imiterere y'iterambere n'ikoreshwa ryazo no kwemeza ikoreshwa n'ikoreshwa ryazo. Kwagura uburyo bwiza bwo gutanga ingufu zitari iza kera. Kubaka ingufu zisukuye nk'ingufu z'umuyaga n'ingufu za fotovoltaic mu "Majyaruguru y'Uburengerazuba n'Amajyaruguru", guhuza amazi n'ingufu z'izuba mu majyepfo y'uburengerazuba, ingufu za kirimbuzi zo ku nkombe, n'ingufu z'umuyaga wo mu nyanja. Guteza imbere ingufu z'umuyaga zisukuye n'izisanzwe, guteza imbere iterambere rinini ry'ingufu z'izuba, ingufu z'ingufu zo mu nyanja, no gukoresha ingufu za biomass n'ingufu z'ubushyuhe bushingiye ku miterere y'aho hantu. Gushyiraho no kubaka ingufu z'umuyaga, imirasire y'izuba, hydrogen, ammonia, na alcool. Kwihutisha ikoreshwa ry'amashanyarazi mashya hakoreshejwe ingufu nshya zisukuye. Mu 2030, ubushobozi bwose bw'ingufu z'umuyaga n'izuba buzaba bugeze kuri kilowati zisaga miliyari 2.8, ubushobozi bw'ingufu zisanzwe zikomoka ku mazi buzaba bugeze kuri kilowati miliyoni 410, naho ubushobozi bw'ingufu za kirimbuzi buzaba bugeze kuri kilowati miliyoni 110.
(2) Kwihutisha kunoza ubushobozi bw'ingufu mu kwakira ingufu nshya. Kumenyera iterambere ry'ingufu nshya, kongera ubushobozi bw'ingufu mu kwakira, gushyiraho no kugenzura ingufu nshya. Kongera ubushobozi bwo kohereza ingufu mu turere dutandukanye no mu turere dutandukanye, kongera ubushobozi bwo kohereza ingufu mu buryo bwuzuzanya no gufashanya, kwihutisha iyubakwa ry'imiyoboro yo kohereza ingufu mu buryo bw'amashanyarazi buri hejuru cyane, kongera ubushobozi bwo kohereza ingufu mu burengerazuba ugana iburasirazuba ku kilowati zisaga miliyoni 80, no guteza imbere cyane iyubakwa ry'imishinga yo gufashanya mu bufatanye hagati y'intara. Gushyigikira ikoreshwa ry'ingufu nshya mu gace utuyemo, guteza imbere uburyo ingufu zidasanzwe zikoreshwa mu buryo bwihuse, no kugera ku miyoboro mishya yo gukwirakwiza ingufu mu buryo bwihuse, guteza imbere iterambere ry'isoko, imiyoboro, imitwaro, n'ububiko. Kongera buri gihe ingano y'umutungo ukoreshwa mu gutunganya ingufu mu buryo bw'amashanyarazi, kubahiriza ibidukikije, icyerekezo cy'ibikenewe, no kunoza imiterere, no kubaka ibigo by'amashanyarazi bikoresha pompe hashingiwe ku miterere y'aho utuye; guteza imbere iterambere rinini ry'ububiko bushya bw'ingufu; gushakisha ubushobozi bwo kugenzura ibikenewe, kwihutisha iterambere ry'inganda z'amashanyarazi zikoresha ikoranabuhanga, no guteza imbere uruhare rw'umutungo utandukanye utandukanye nk'imitwaro ihinduka mu migenga y'imikorere y'ikoranabuhanga. Gusobanura buhoro buhoro intego ntarengwa y’ikoreshwa ry’ingufu zishobora kongera gukoreshwa ku nganda zikoresha ingufu. Mu 2030, ubushobozi bwo kubika ingufu buzaba bugeze kuri kilowati miliyoni 160, ubushobozi bwo kubika ingufu nshya buzagera kuri kilowati miliyoni 300, ubushobozi ntarengwa bwo kugenzura uruganda rw’igihugu rutanga ingufu buzaba bugeze kuri kilowati zirenga miliyoni 50, kandi ubushobozi bwo gusubiza ingufu buzagera kuri 5% by’umutwaro ntarengwa w’amashanyarazi.
(3) Guteza imbere cyane uburyo bwo gusimbuza neza ikoreshwa ry'amakara. Kugenzura neza ubushobozi bw'inganda zikoresha amakara n'ingufu zikoreshwa mu gukwirakwiza amashanyarazi, guteza imbere impinduka mu nganda zikoresha amakara kugira ngo zishyigikire kandi zigenzure amasoko y'amashanyarazi, no gushyigikira guhuza ingufu zikoresha amakara n'ingufu nshya. Gukora impinduka mu nganda zikoresha amakara zikoresha karuboni nke, gukora impinduka mu gutandukanya ubushyuhe mu nganda zikoresha ubushyuhe mu turere tw'amajyaruguru dushingiye ku kudahindura ubushyuhe, gushyigikira kubaka ahantu ho kubika ubushyuhe mu nganda zikoresha ubushyuhe. Gushimangira ubushakashatsi n'iterambere no gukoresha inganda zikoresha amakara zikoresha neza kandi zikoresha ingufu nke hamwe n'ibikoresho byazo by'inyongera. Mu buryo bwemewe n'amategeko kandi hakurikijwe amategeko, kurandura burundu no gufunga inganda zikoresha amakara (harimo n'inganda zikoresha amakara) zitujuje uburinzi bw'ibidukikije, gukoresha ingufu, gukoresha amakara, umutekano, n'ibisabwa imyaka. Guteza imbere cyane inganda zikoresha amakara zikoresha kugira ngo zigire uruhare mu gukata icyuma. Guteza imbere impinduka mu nganda zikoresha amakara zikoresha karuboni nke, kugabanya ikoreshwa ry'amakara n'ibyuka bihumanya ikirere kuri buri gicuruzwa, no gushyigikira iterambere ry'imishinga y'ibikomoka ku makara n'amashanyarazi akoresha ibidukikije na hydrogen y'icyatsi. Guteza imbere cyane uburyo bwo gusimbuza amakara n'amatanura y'inganda akoresha amakara, kurandura burundu amakara akoresha amakara afite ubushobozi bwo gutwara toni 10 ku isaha cyangwa munsi yayo, no gusimbuza buhoro buhoro amakara mato n'aciriritse mu nganda zitandukanye. "Inganda imwe, politiki imwe" iteza imbere ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya gahunda zo kugabanya no kugabanya ikoreshwa ry'amakara ku bigo bikoresha amakara. Gushyigikira uturere twujuje ibisabwa gushyira mu bikorwa uburyo bungana cyangwa bugabanyije ikoreshwa ry'amakara ku mishinga mishya itari "ibiri ikomeye".
(4) Komeza kunoza imiterere y’ikoreshwa rya peteroli na gazi. Guteza imbere ikoreshwa ry’ibicanwa bitangiza ibidukikije nka alcool ya hydrogen ammonia, bio-diesel, na lisansi irambye mu ndege. Guteza imbere ikoreshwa ry’ibicanwa bitangiza ibidukikije, gusesengura ikoreshwa rya alcool ya hydrogen ammonia mu nganda zikora imiti, no gukomeza guteza imbere ikoreshwa ry’ibicanwa bitangiza amashanyarazi n’ubushyuhe. Kuyobora iterambere ry’ikoreshwa rya gazi karemano kugira ngo rigume ku rugero rukwiye, guha agaciro itangwa rya gazi mu gihugu, kuyobora ikoreshwa rya gazi mu nganda n’ibigo by’ingenzi, no kubaka inganda zikora gazi karemano zikoresha gazi karemano hashingiwe ku miterere y’aho ziherereye. Gukomeza kubungabunga umutungo kamere wa peteroli na gazi ku buryo bwose bushoboka mu gukora no gukoresha, kunoza uburyo umutungo kamere wa peteroli na gazi ukoreshwa.
II. Guteza imbere iterambere ry’inganda zibungabunga ibidukikije n’izidafite karuboni nyinshi
(5) Guteza imbere impinduka mu nganda ku bijyanye n’ibidukikije n’impinduka nkeya mu miterere yazo. Gukemura mu buryo buhamye kandi bunoze ibibazo by’imiterere y’inganda mu nganda z’ingenzi, kandi mu buryo bwemewe n’amategeko kandi bukurikije amategeko, gukuraho ubushobozi n’ibikoresho byo gukora sima mu buryo burambye no mu buryo budakora neza. Kongera imbaraga mu micungire y’ubushobozi bwo gukora sima. Kugenzura neza imishinga "ikoreshwa ry’ingufu nyinshi n’ihumana ryinshi", gushimangira uburyo ikoreshwa ry’isoko ry’ingufu, gukora isuzuma ry’ingufu no kugabanya imyuka ya karuboni, no gushyira mu bikorwa ibisabwa mu gusimbuza imishinga mishya (ivugurura, kwagura) "ikoreshwa ry’ingufu nyinshi n’ihumana ryinshi". Kwihutisha iterambere ry’ingufu zihumanya ibidukikije, inganda zikora ingufu zihumanya ibidukikije, na serivisi zihumanya ibidukikije n’izindi nganda zikoresha ingufu zihumanya ibidukikije n’isuka ya karuboni nke, gukomeza kunoza inyungu zituruka ku ngufu nshya, imodoka nshya zikoresha ingufu, ingufu za bateri, nibindi, no guhinga inganda za hydrogen, lisansi ihumanya ikirere, nibindi. Gushyigikira iterambere ry’inganda zikoresha serivisi zo gucunga karuboni, guteza imbere ingero z’ubuyobozi bw’inganda za gatatu nko gucunga ingufu z’amasezerano, no guteza imbere ikoreshwa ry’ikoranabuhanga n’ikoranabuhanga mu iterambere ry’ibidukikije n’isuka ya karuboni nke.
(6) Gukora ibikorwa byo kubungabunga ingufu no kuvugurura karuboni mu nganda zisanzwe. Kwibanda ku bikoresho, ibikoresho, n'imikorere ikoreshwa mu nganda z'ingenzi, gushyira mu bikorwa mu buryo bwuzuye uburyo bwo kubungabunga ingufu no kuvugurura karuboni, guteza imbere cyane ikoreshwa ry'ikoranabuhanga n'ibikoresho bizigama ingufu n'ibikoresha karuboni nkeya, kongera udushya mu mikorere ya karuboni nkeya no guhindura ikoranabuhanga, no kunoza neza uburyo ingufu n'umutungo bikoreshwa neza no kugabanya imyuka ihumanya ikirere. Kongera imbaraga mu kugenzura uburyo ingufu zikoreshwa neza, kunoza uburyo bwo gusuzuma ingufu mu nzego z'ingenzi. Muri gahunda ya "Gahunda ya 14 y'imyaka itanu", imyuka ihumanya ikirere ya karuboni kuri buri gice cy'agaciro k'inganda mu nganda nini izagabanukaho ibirenze 17%, ikoreshwa ry'ingufu kuri buri gice cy'agaciro k'inganda rizagabanukaho ibirenze 10%, ikoreshwa ry'ingufu kuri buri gice cy'umusaruro fatizo rizagabanukaho hafi 10%, kandi ubushobozi bwo kuzigama ingufu bwa toni zirenga miliyoni 150 z'amakara asanzwe buzagerwaho binyuze mu kubungabunga ingufu no kuvugurura uburyo bwo kugabanya karuboni mu nganda z'ingenzi.
(7) Kwihutisha iyubakwa rya pariki z’ibikomoka kuri karuboni zitagira karuboni n’inganda zitagira karuboni zitagira karuboni. Guteza imbere iyubakwa rya pariki z’igihugu zitagira karuboni zitagira karuboni, gutanga amabwiriza yo kubaka pariki z’ibikomoka kuri karuboni zitagira karuboni, gushyigikira uturere gukora ivugurura rya pariki zitagira karuboni zitagira karuboni zishingiye ku miterere y’aho hantu. Kuyobora imishinga mishya yo gushyira imbere amatsinda muri pariki z’ibikomoka kuri karuboni zitagira karuboni, kwihutisha ishyirwaho ry’inganda zikora “umusaruro ukomoka ku bidukikije ushingiye ku bidukikije”, gushishikariza imizigo isanzwe muri pariki z’ibikomoka kuri karuboni zitagira karuboni kugira ngo ihuze amashanyarazi akomoka ku bidukikije, gushyigikira ikoreshwa ry’ikoranabuhanga rishya n’iry’ubushyuhe buciriritse hamwe n’uburyo bushya. Guteza imbere cyane iyubakwa ry’inganda zikora inganda zibifitiye ubushobozi kugira ngo zihuze amashanyarazi akomoka ku bidukikije, gushyigikira ubufatanye mu kubaka no gukoresha imiyoboro mito y’amashanyarazi akomoka ku bidukikije, ibigo bicunga ingufu z’ikoranabuhanga n’ingufu za karuboni, no guharanira kunoza urwego rw’ikoreshwa ry’ingufu zisubira mu gace. Mu gihe cya "Gahunda ya 14 y’imyaka itanu", hazubakwa pariki zigera ku 100 z’igihugu zitagira karuboni n’inganda 500 zitagira karuboni zitagira karuboni.
(8) Guteza imbere impinduka mu buryo burambye no mu buryo bugabanya karubone. Gushimangira imiterere ihuriweho y’ibikoresho bya mudasobwa hakoreshejwe ingufu zisubira, gushyigikira itangwa ry’amashanyarazi arengera ibidukikije, gushyiraho uburyo bukwiye bwo kubika ingufu, gutanga ingufu z’inyongera n’ibindi bikoresho bishyigikira, guteza imbere ikoreshwa ry’amashanyarazi adakoresha ibisigazwa by’ibimera ku bikoresho bishya bya mudasobwa. Kunoza amahame agenga kubungabunga ingufu no kugabanya karubone ku bikoresho bya mudasobwa, guteza imbere kubungabunga ingufu no kuvugurura ibikoresho bya mudasobwa bitujuje ibisabwa, gukuraho ikoranabuhanga n’ibikoresho bya mudasobwa byasigaye inyuma kandi bidakora neza, no kunoza urwego rw’ingufu mu bikoresho bya mudasobwa. Kwihutisha kubaka ibikoresho bya mudasobwa birengera ibidukikije, gushishikariza kubaka ibikoresho bya mudasobwa bikoresha karubone.
(9) Kugira uruhare mu kugabanya imyuka ihumanya ikirere. Guteza imbere cyane icyitegererezo cy’umusaruro w’umutungo, kongera ikoreshwa ry’imyanda, ikoreshwa ry’ingufu, no kongera gutunganya umutungo w’amazi, no guteza imbere ikoreshwa ry’amazi mabi, imyuka mibi, amazi mabi, n’ibisigazwa by’imyanda. Kwihutisha kunoza umuyoboro w’imyanda ikoreshwa mu kongera gutunganya imyanda, guteza imbere icyitegererezo cya “Internet +” cyo kongera gutunganya imyanda, no kunoza imiyoboro ya “exchange + recycling”. Kongera imbaraga mu kongera gutunganya no kunoza imyanda y’amashanyarazi n’ibikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga, bateri z’imyanda, ibikoresho by’umuyaga na fotovoltaic byavuye mu kazi, imodoka zakuweho, n’imashini z’ubuhinzi zakuweho, kwagura imiyoboro yo gukoresha imyanda ikomeye nk’ivu ry’amakara, gangue y’amakara, ibisigazwa by’ubuhinzi, n’ifumbire y’amatungo, kwihutisha ikoreshwa ry’ikoranabuhanga rishya n’iriciriritse rishyushya karubone n’uburyo bushya. Guteza imbere cyane iyubakwa ry’inganda zikora inganda zifite ubushobozi bwo guhuza amashanyarazi akomoka ku bidukikije, gushyigikira mu bufatanye iyubakwa n’ikoreshwa ry’imiyoboro mito y’amashanyarazi akomoka ku bidukikije, ibigo bicunga ingufu za digitale na karubone, no guharanira kunoza uruhare rw’inkunga mu kongera gutunganya imyanda mu mutekano w’umutungo.
Igihe cyo kohereza: 15 Nyakanga-2026
