Imirimo itandukanye ya Ethephon

Iyo bigeze kuriethefoni, ikintu cya mbere kiza mu bitekerezo by'abantu ni uko ari uburyo busanzwe bukoreshwa mu kugenzura imikurire y'ibimera, bufite inshingano zo kwihutisha kwera kw'imbuto, gutakaza no gusaza. Mu by'ukuri, iyi ni imwe mu ngaruka zayo gusa. Hari izindi ngaruka nyinshi zikomoka kuri yo? Uyu munsi, reka tuvuge ku buryo bwihariye bwo kuyikoresha.

Ethephon yoroshye kwinjira mu bimera kandi isohora ethylene buhoro buhoro mu mubiri w'ibimera, yongera imikorere ya peroxidase y'ibimera, bityo ikagabanya kwiganza kw'ibimera no kongera ibiti bito bito, bigatuma ikimera kiba kigufi kandi gikomeye, kandi kikarinda kugwa; ishobora kandi gutuma ibimera bitabyara, igatanga umusaruro kare, igatuma imbuto zera vuba kandi zihuye; ifite kandi ingaruka zo gutuma ipamba ritakaza amababi n'ibiti by'icyayi bigatakaza indabyo; ishobora kandi gukoreshwa nk'ikintu gitera imbuto kwera.

I. Guteza imbere ubuhinzi bw'imbuto

Ubushakashatsi bwagaragaje ko mu gihe imbuto zikura neza, ethylene irakorwa. Ethylene ishobora kugenzura ibikorwa bitandukanye nka enzymes, aside nucleic, na metabolism y'ubuhumekero mu mbuto, bityo igatuma imbuto zikura neza. Iyo umuti wa ethylene winjiye mu mubiri w'ibimera, urekura ethylene ku gipimo gitandukanye bitewe n'agaciro ka pH k'uturemangingo, bigatuma imbuto zikura vuba.

1. Uburyo bwo kuvura inyanya:

(1) Uburyo bwo kuvoma imbuto: Kuramo inyanya mbisi n'izahiye mu gihe cyo kwera hanyuma uzirobe muri ethylene ifite 1500 ppm mu gihe cy'umunota 1. Kuramo, suka amazi, hanyuma ushyire mu duseke tw'imigano, mu buriri bushyushye, cyangwa mu mazu yo gupakiramo ibiti. Genzura ubushyuhe kuri 22-25℃. Nyuma y'iminsi 2-3, imbuto nyinshi zizahinduka umutuku.

(2) Uburyo bwo gusiga imbuto: Nyuma yuko inyanya zigeze mu cyiciro cyo kwera, igice cy'ukwezi mbere yo gusarura, koresha udupira tw'ipamba, uburoso, nibindi kugira ngo ushyire umuti wa ethylene wa 2000-3000 ppm ku mbuto, cyangwa ukoreshe gauze, uturindantoki twa gauze, nibindi kugira ngo uhanagure imbuto. Ibi bishobora gutuma imbuto zera mbere y'iminsi 6-8, byongera umusaruro w'imbuto zitukura, kandi ubushyuhe n'ubwiza bw'umutuku bikaba byiza kurushaho. Mu gusiga imbuto, igice kinini cy'ubuso bw'imbuto ni cyo gikwiye gusiga, kuko nyuma yo gusukura ethylene, ishobora gutembera mu mbuto, nubwo ibice bimwe na bimwe bitarasiga neza, imbuto zose zizakomeza kwera. Ubu buryo bwo kuvura bushobora kongera imikorere myiza no kugabanya akazi.

(3) Uburyo bwo gutera imbuto: Kugira ngo inyanya zo mu mpeshyi zigere ku isoko hakiri kare kandi wongere imikorere myiza, mu gihe cyo kwera kw'imbuto za mbere n'iza kabiri, koresha umuti wa ethylene wa 800-1000 ppm mu gutera imbuto, ushobora kwihutisha ihinduka umutuku no kwera mbere y'iminsi 5-7, wongere umusaruro wa mbere. Mu gutera imbuto, gerageza kwirinda gutera umuti ku ruti n'amababi.

(4) Uburyo bwo gutera umuti ku bimera: Ubu buryo bukwiriye inyanya zitunganywa rimwe gusarura. Buroroshya akazi kandi bworoshye, ariko ni ngombwa kugenzura neza igihe cyo gutera umuti n'ubwinshi bw'imbuto. Muri rusange, iyo imbuto nyinshi zahindutse umutuku kandi hakaba hakiri imbuto zimwe na zimwe z'icyatsi kibisi, kugira ngo wihutishe kwera kw'izi mbuto, koresha umuti wa ethylene wa 1000 ppm kugira ngo utere umuti ku bimera byose. Muri ubu buryo, uduce tw'inyanya tuzahinduka umuhondo vuba, imbuto z'icyatsi kibisi zikuze vuba, kandi igipimo cy'imbuto zitukura zikuze kiziyongera cyane mu gihe cy'isarura. Iyo ethylene iterewe ku bimera mbere y'uko byera, ishobora kwihutisha kwera kw'umutuku mu minsi 5-6, ariko igipimo kigomba kuba gito, byaba byiza miligarama 500-1000 kuri litiro. Bitabaye ibyo, biroroshye gutera amababi y'umuhondo n'amababi kugwa.

2. Urusenda: Iyo uruhu rw'imbuto ruhinduye ibara, koresha miligarama 1000-4000 kuri litiro ya ethylene kugira ngo unywe imbuto, bishobora kwihutisha kwera kw'imbuto no guhindura ibara. Ushobora kandi gutera miligarama 1000 kuri litiro ya ethylene mu murima kugira ngo itere imbere kwera, ariko ishobora gutuma amababi agwa.

3. Watermelon: Mbere yuko imbuto zikura neza ariko ntizigere zera, siga miligarama 300-500 kuri litiro ya ethylene ku mbuto, bishobora gutuma imbuto zera mbere y'iminsi 5-7. Kubera ko imbuto za watermelon ari nini, siga umuti ku mbuto gusa akenshi ntabwo byangiza ibimera.

4. Gukura kw'inzabibu: Igerageza ryerekana ko ku bwoko nk'inzuki nini, iyo imbuto zitangiye kwera, shyira ethylene kuri miligarama 250-300 kuri kilo imwe ku matsinda y'imbuto, ishobora kwihutisha kwera mu minsi 6-8, kandi ishobora kuribwa ku munsi wa gatanu nyuma yo gutera.

Mu gihe ukoresha ethylene mu kweza imizabibu, ingingo zikurikira zigomba kwitabwaho:

① Igipimo cyabyo kigomba kuba gikwiye. Iyo igipimo kiri hasi cyane, ingaruka ntizigaragara. Ariko, niba igipimo kiri hejuru ya miligarama 500 kuri kilo, bishobora gutuma imbuto zigwa.

② Igihe cyiza cyo kuvura ni igihe imbuto zitangiye gukura. Ku moko y'amabara, ibara ritangira kumera, naho ku moko y'umweru, amatsinda y'imbuto ahinduka umuhondo gato. Iki ni cyo gihe cyiza cyo kuvura.

③ Ingano ikwiriye cyane yo kweza ubwoko butandukanye iratandukanye. Mu musaruro, hagomba gukorwa igerageza kugira ngo hamenyekane ingano n'uburyo bwo kuvura.

④ Kubera ko ethylene igira ingaruka zo gutuma habaho ibice by’imbuto bicika, gukoresha ethylene yonyine mu kweza imizabibu akenshi bituma imbuto zicika, bigatuma amatsinda y’imizabibu adakomeza kwangirika no kubikwa. Kugira ngo bigabanye iyi ngaruka mbi, miligarama 10-20 kuri kilo ya tributyrin cyangwa miligarama 10-15 kuri kilo ya 2,4,5-T ishobora kongerwamo iyo ukoresheje ethylene, ibyo bikaba bigira ingaruka nziza mu gukumira ko imbuto zicika.

II. Guteza imbere itandukaniro ry'indabyo z'abagore

Ibihingwa by'imboga za cucurbit ni ibimera bifite indabyo z'abagabo n'iz'abagore. Mu gihe cyo gutandukanya indabyo z'abagabo n'iz'abagore, uretse ibintu by'ingenzi bituma habaho imiterere y'uturemangingo, urugero rw'imisemburo itandukanye rushobora kugira ingaruka ku gutandukanya igitsina. Iyo indabyo z'imboga za cucurbit zitatandukanijwe, kuzivura hakoreshejwe ethephon bishobora kongera cyane umubare w'indabyo z'abagore. Muri rusange, miligarama 150 kuri litiro ya ethephon ziterwa ku buso bw'ikibabi inshuro 1 kugeza kuri 3 ku kibabi cya 1 kugeza kuri 5 cy'imbeho, ku kibabi cya 1 kugeza kuri 4 cy'igihaza, no ku kibabi cya 2 cy'imbeho. Ku kibabi cya 1 kugeza kuri 3 cy'imbeho, gutera miligarama 50 kugeza kuri 250 kuri litiro ya ethephon inshuro 1 kugeza kuri 3 bishobora kugira ingaruka ku bagabo kandi akenshi bikoreshwa mu gutanga imbuto z'imbeho mu murima.

III. Guteza imbere ubuhinzi bw'ibimera bito

Gutera miligarama 240-960 kuri litiro ya ethephon ku mababi 1-4 y'amashu, seleri, karoti, radish, ibirayi, inyanya, n'ibihaza bizagabanya umuvuduko w'iterambere ry'ibimera kandi bigatuma bihagarika gukura. Bituma ibimera bidashobora kumera neza. Ethephon igira ingaruka zo kugabanya umuvuduko w'iterambere ry'ibimera no gutuma bimera neza. Urugero, kubira ibirayi muri miligarama 50-200 kuri litiro ya ethephon bishobora kongera umubare w'amashu, kandi kuvura tangawizi bishobora gutuma bimera neza no kongera amashami yabyo.

Kugenzura ipamba:IBA+ DA-6 + ethephon ihinnye nka EBH. Ingano yayo ni 30% na 40% by'amazi, yakuwemo amazi inshuro 1500 kugira ngo ikoreshwe, hamwe n'ingano ya ml 20-30 kuri mu. Ni uburyo bugenzura imikurire y'ibimera bwamenyekanye cyane mu kugenzura uburebure bw'ibimera by'ipamba mu myaka yashize, kandi ni n'uburyo bugenzura imikurire y'ibimera mu kugenzura uburebure bw'ibimera by'ibigori.