Gutegura uburyo bwizewe kandi busanzwe bwo gupima uburyo imibu ishobora kwandura imiti yica udukoko ni ingenzi cyane kugira ngo dusobanukirwe akamaro k'ibintu bishya bikora cyangwa imiti ikoreshwa mu miti. Uburyo bwo gupima uburyo imibu ishobora kwandura imiti yica udukoko cyangwa imiti (nk'iyishyirwa imbere muri gahunda z'ubuzima rusange) bwarashyizweho kandi busanzwe. Ariko, uburyo bwo gupima imiti yica udukoko ikoreshwa mu miyoboro y'amazi cyangwa imiti ikoreshwa mu miyoboro y'amazi ikoreshwa mu ngo biragoye kuyishyira mu bikorwa neza. Dushingiye ku nama z'Umuryango Mpuzamahanga wita ku Buzima ku miti yica udukoko yo mu ngo, twateguye uburyo busanzwe kandi bukoresha imbaraga nyinshi bwo gupima imiti ikoreshwa mu miyoboro y'amazi hakoreshejwe imibu iri mu kato n'uburyo bwiza bwo kwica udukoko bukorerwa mu cyumba cy'igerageza cya Peet-Grady (icyumba cy'igerageza cya PG). Twemeje akamaro k'ubu buryo bushya dukoresheje ubwoko bw'imibu ya Aedes na Anopheles idakira kandi ishobora kwandura. Ikintu gishya muri ubu buryo ni ugushyiramo icyumba cy'igenzura ku biziga by'imibu, bigatuma habaho isuzuma ryihuse ry'umubare w'imibu yica nyuma yo kwandura imiti yica udukoko. Gukuraho imiti ikoreshwa mu gusukura bikuraho neza amavuta ya aerosol asigaye ari ku buso bw'icyumba cy'igerageza, aho umubare w'impfu uri munsi ya 2% ku mibu ishobora kwandura igeragezwa ku buso bw'icyumba. Nta tandukaniro ry’ahantu mu mibu yica cyangwa ipfa mu mibu iri mu kato ryagaragaye mu cyumba cya PG. Uburyo bwacu bwo gukoresha uduce dutatu butanga umusaruro ukubye inshuro umunani ugereranije n’uburyo bwo guhunga budafite aho bubogamiye, butuma habaho gupima ubwoko butandukanye bw’imibu icyarimwe no gutandukanya neza imibu ishobora kwibasirwa n’iyibasirwa n’imibu yapimwe icyarimwe.
Kugeza ubu, imiti yica udukoko ikoreshwa mu buryo bwa erosoli yakoreshejwe cyane cyane mu ngo mu rwego rwo kwirinda indwara, aho ikoreshwa mu buryo buke muri gahunda z’ubuzima rusange. Ariko, ubushakashatsi buherutse bwerekanye ko ikoreshwa ry’imiti yica udukoko mu ngo rikwirakwira mu turere indwara zanduriramo udukoko zikunze kugaragara. Byaba impamvu yo kwirukana imibu cyangwa kwirinda indwara, hakenewe cyane uburyo bworoshye kandi bukoreshwa mu gusuzuma ubwoko bw’imibu isanzwe kugira ngo imenye ko ishobora kwandura imiti yica udukoko mu ngo. Ibi ni ingenzi mu kumenya niba imiti yica udukoko ishobora gukoreshwa mu kurwanya udukoko two mu ngo no gusobanukirwa uburyo ikoreshwa ry’imiti yica udukoko mu ngo rigira ingaruka ku ihinduka ry’uburyo imiti yica udukoko idashobora kwangirika.
Uburyo bw'inyongera bwa 1 butanga amabwiriza arambuye intambwe ku yindi yo gukora gahunda yacu yo gupima imiti yica udukoko mu mwuka.
Nubwo amabwiriza ya OMS atanga inama yo gukoresha imashini zikoresha ikoranabuhanga, ntabwo atanga ibisobanuro byihariye bya tekiniki. Gukoresha imashini zikoresha ikoranabuhanga ni ingenzi cyane, kuko imashini zikoresha intoki mu cyumba cya propylene glycol zidasaba akazi kenshi gusa ahubwo zishobora no guteza ukudahuza kw'ahantu n'impinduka mu gihe cyo gukoresha imashini.
Icyumba cy’ubutabazi kigomba gusukurwa nyuma ya buri kizamini, ariko uburyo bwo gusukura imbere busabwa mu Mabwiriza ya OMS burimo gushyira amazi mu muyoboro. Mu kazi kacu ka buri munsi, ubu buryo ni intambwe isaba imbaraga nyinshi mu gukoresha ibikoresho by’isesengura ry’ibinyabuzima, bityo twakoze kandi tugerageza uburyo bwo gusukura hakoreshejwe isukari.
Ibice by'umufana bishobora gukurwaho bifatwa nk'uko byasobanuwe haruguru, kandi ibyuma n'umukandara by'umufana bisukurwa hakoreshejwe siponji yinjijwe mu gipimo cya 5% cya Decon 90.
Hashingiwe ku isano iri hagati y’igihe cyo gusukura n’umuvuduko w’umusaruro, icyuma cyacu gitanga aerosol cyagaragaje ubuhanga mu kugenzura igipimo cy’umuvuduko w’aerosol, nibura ku nshuro 1 kugeza kuri 4 zapimwe. Nk’uko bigaragara ku Ishusho ya 3b, iki kimenyetso ni ingenzi cyane mu kugaragaza isano iri hagati y’ingano n’uburyo imiti mishya ya aerosol ikoreshwa cyangwa kugena igipimo cyo kumenya uburyo imiti yica udukoko idashobora gukoreshwa.
Tugaragaza ko protocole yacu ivuguruye yo gusuzuma imiti yica udukoko mu ngo, hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo kwica udukoko mu buryo bwa "swab disinfecting", "double cages", "sprayers" zigenzurwa kure, hamwe no gufata amashusho ya biometric ukoresheje kamera zikora, ari uburyo bwiza kandi bushoboka bwo gusimbura ubu.OMSinama. Uburyo bwo gusukura amazi hakoreshejwe swab, butwara iminota 20 gusa, buzigama cyane igihe ugereranije n'uburyo busanzweho (ubusanzwe busaba isaha imwe kuri buri cyumba cy'igeragezwa). Bunagabanya igihe abakora akazi bamara bambaye ibikoresho byuzuye byo kwirinda (urugero: ingofero zo guhumeka n'imyenda yo gukora irinda imihindagurikire y'ikirere). Byongeye kandi, ubu buryo butanga amazi n'imyenda byanduye bike byo kuvura kurusha gusukura icyumba cy'igeragezwa burundu, bityo bigagabanya ibyago byo kwanduza icyumba giherereyemo icyumba cy'igeragezwa. Uburyo bwo gusukura amazi hakoreshejwe swab bukwiriye kandi mu gusukura ibyumba by'igeragezwa bidahoraho bisabagitogushyira ibikoresho mu buryo butandukanye bw'ibyumba.
Ikibazo cy'ingenzi cyasuzumwe muri ubu bushakashatsi n'ibindi ni uburyo imiti yica udukoko ikoreshwa mu bidukikije mu buryo butandukanye bwo gupima. Nkuko bigaragara ku Ishusho ya 2b, nubwo habayeho igihe gihamye cyo gutera imiti, ingano y'imiti yakoreshejwe yahindukaga mu bwoko bw'imiti ya aerosol, bishobora kugaragaza itandukaniro mu mikorere yo gukora (urugero: igitutu cy'imbere mu mubiri, ikoreshwa rya propellant, imiterere y'iminwa, nibindi). Byongeye kandi, kubura ibikoresho byo gutera imiti bya kure biboneka ku isoko bifite ubushobozi bwo guhindura igihe cyo gutera imiti bigabanya ikoreshwa ryabyo mu gusuzuma isano iri hagati y'ingano n'uburyo ikoreshwa mu kurwanya imibu. Gutera imiti n'intoki binyuze mu mashini zo gutera imiti cyangwa mashini zo kuyitera imiti (niba ihari) bishobora gutuma habaho itandukaniro mu ngano y'imiti yakoreshejwe. Mu by'ukuri, ibisubizo byacu bigaragaza akamaro n'akamaro ko kugabanya izi nkomoko z'impinduka. Ku bantu ba Aedes aegypti badashobora kuyitera imiti, twabonye isano iri hagati y'ingano y'imiti ya aerosol n'uko yagenwe burundu ko ishobora kwangirika cyangwa kudakomera (Ishusho ya 3b). Byaba byiza, ingano y'imiti yakoreshejwe mu gutera imiti ya aerosol igomba kuba isanzwe muri garama z'ibintu byakoreshejwe mu gutera imiti aho kuba isanzwe mu gihe cyo gutera imiti kugira ngo byorohereze kugereranya hagati y'ubushakashatsi butandukanye.
RCAD itanga ubundi buryo bwo gukora ubushakashatsi bw'ejo hazaza bugabanya ingaruka z'impinduka mu mikorere. Nubwo twasanze gushyiraho uburyo bwo gupima imiti ikoreshwa mu gupima aerosol bidashoboka, twagaragaje ko uburemere bw'imiti ikoreshwa mu gupima aerosol butangwa binyuze mu dusanduku dutandukanye tw'imiti bushobora gupimwa mu buryo bworoshye hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo gupima uburebure bw'imiti ikoreshwa mu gupima aerosol (Ishusho ya 2b, 3a). Gupima ubunini bw'imiti ikoreshwa mu gupima aerosol mu cyumba icyo ari cyo cyose cy'igeragezwa ni ingenzi cyane mu kunoza uburyo ibisubizo bitangwa.
Dushingiye ku bunararibonye bwacu n'ubw'andi matsinda y'ubushakashatsi, inama ziri mu Mabwiriza ariho ubu yerekeye ikoreshwa ry'uburyo bwo gupima imibu iguruka mu kirere mu gupima imibu iguruka mu kirere zitera imbogamizi zikomeye mu bijyanye n'ibikoresho mu bushakashatsi bwa laboratwari n'ubw'igice cy'ubutaka. Urugero, uburyo bwo gupima imibu iguruka mu kirere bufite umusaruro muto cyane (harimo no kongera gufata imibu iguruka mu kirere) kandi bugira imbogamizi nyinshi mu bya tekiniki, nko kugorwa no kumenya umubare w'imibu yica mu gihe nyacyo.
Nubwo igerageza ryacu ryemewe ryakozwe mu kazu gato rikemura ikibazo cy’aho imibu ishobora kunyura kandi rikaba ari uburyo bushoboka bwo gusuzuma uburyo imibu ishobora kwandura imiti yica udukoko mu kirere, ni ngombwa kumenya ko impfu z’imibu yo mu birwa bya Cayman zari nke cyane mu igerageza ry’akazu ugereranyije n’igerageza ryo mu kirere (Ishusho ya 5c, Imbonerahamwe ya 1). Iri tandukaniro rishobora kugaragaza igabanuka ry’ingano y’imiti yica udukoko mu kazu, kuko uduce duto tw’imiyaga twinjira mu kazu gato tukinjira mu kazu. Ubushakashatsi bw’ejo hazaza bushobora gukoresha imyenda minini n’imiterere y’akazu gafite umuvuduko mwinshi w’umwuka uturuka ku muyaga (urugero, imiterere y’icyuma) kugira ngo harebwe neza ibisubizo byabonetse hakoreshejwe uburyo butandukanye bwo kugerageza.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gashyantare-02-2026