Imiti yica udukoko twangiza mikorobe ni iki?

Imiti yica udukoko twa mikorobe yerekeza ku miti yica udukoko dukomoka kuri biologiya ikoresha bagiteri, ibihumyo, virusi, protozoa, cyangwa ibinyabuzima byahinduwe mu buryo bwa genoside nk'ibikoresho bifatika byo gukumira no kurwanya ibinyabuzima byangiza nk'indwara, udukoko, ibyatsi, n'imbeba. Harimo gukoresha bagiteri mu kurwanya udukoko, gukoresha bagiteri mu kurwanya bagiteri. Ubu bwoko bwica udukoko bufite amahitamo akomeye, butekanye kubantu, amatungo, ibihingwa, nibidukikije, ntabwo byangiza abanzi karemano, kandi ntibishobora kurwanywa.

Ubushakashatsi n’iterambere ry’imiti yica udukoko twangiza mikorobe bizagera ku musaruro mwiza kandi wizewe w’ibicuruzwa by’ubuhinzi, bizamura agaciro k’ubukungu bw’ibicuruzwa by’ubuhinzi, kwagura isoko ryoherezwa mu mahanga ry’ibicuruzwa by’ubuhinzi n’ibidukikije, kandi biteze imbere iterambere ry’inganda zangiza ibidukikije.

Kubera iyo mpamvu, kurushaho kwihutisha iterambere, inganda, no guteza imbere imiti yica udukoko twangiza mikorobe, kugabanya ibisigazwa by’udukoko twangiza udukoko twangiza ibidukikije ndetse n’umwanda ku bidukikije by’ubuhinzi, kugera ku buryo burambye bw’indwara z’ibihingwa n’udukoko twangiza, ndetse no kuzuza icyifuzo cy’ikoranabuhanga ry’ubuhinzi mu nganda z’inganda z’ubuhinzi zitagira umwanda mu Bushinwa, byanze bikunze bizatanga inyungu nyinshi mu mibereho, ubukungu, n’ibidukikije.

Icyerekezo cy'iterambere:

1. Ubutaka bwo kurwanya indwara no kurwanya udukoko

Ubushakashatsi bwinshi bugomba gukorwa kubutaka buhagarika indwara nudukoko. Ubu butaka bufite mikorobe ikomeza kubuza bagiteri gutera indwara kandi udukoko twangiza.

2. Kurwanya nyakatsi

Kurwanya ibinyabuzima byangiza ibyatsi ni ugukoresha inyamaswa zibyatsi cyangwa mikorobe ziterwa n’ibimera bifite uburyo bwihariye bwo kurwanya ibyatsi bibi bigira ingaruka ku mibereho y’ubukungu bw’abantu munsi y’ubukungu bw’ubukungu. Ugereranije no kurwanya nyakatsi y’imiti, kurwanya nyakatsi y’ibinyabuzima bifite ibyiza byo kutanduza ibidukikije, nta kwangiza ibiyobyabwenge, ndetse n’inyungu nyinshi z’ubukungu. Rimwe na rimwe, kumenyekanisha neza abanzi karemano birashobora gukemura ikibazo cyo kwangiza ibyatsi rimwe na rimwe.

3. Ibinyabuzima byakozwe na genetike

Mu myaka yashize, ubushakashatsi bwakozwe na mikorobe ikozwe na genetique bwarakoze cyane, kandi bwinjiye mubyiciro mbere y’ibimera byakozwe na geneti by’indwara no kurwanya udukoko. Iterambere ryerekana imbaraga nini za biotechnologie yo guteza imbere ingirabuzimafatizo ya biocontrol kandi ishyiraho urufatiro rwo gukomeza gukora ubushakashatsi no guteza imbere igisekuru gishya cy’udukoko twangiza udukoko.

4. Indwara yahinduwe muri rusange hamwe n ibihingwa birwanya udukoko

Indwara ya transgenji hamwe n’ibiti birwanya udukoko byafunguye inzira nshya zo kurwanya udukoko. Mu 1985, abahanga b'Abanyamerika binjije ikote rya poroteyine gene (cp) ya virusi ya mosaic itabi mu itabi ryoroshye, kandi ibimera bya transgenji byongereye imbaraga zo kurwanya virusi. Ubu buryo bwo kubona indwara zanduza virusi ya CP nyuma bwageze ku ntsinzi ku bimera byinshi nk'inyanya, ibirayi, soya, n'umuceri. Birashobora kugaragara ko ubu ari ubushakashatsi butanga bioengineering.