Imiti yica udukoko ikomoka kuri mikorobe ivuga imiti yica udukoko ikomoka ku binyabuzima ikoresha bagiteri, ibihumyo, virusi, protozoa, cyangwa utunyabuzima twahinduwe nk'uturemangingo nk'ibintu bikora mu gukumira no kurwanya udukoko twangiza nk'indwara, udukoko, ibyatsi, n'imbeba. Harimo gukoresha bagiteri mu kurwanya udukoko, gukoresha bagiteri mu kurwanya bagiteri, no gukoresha bagiteri mu kwangiza. Ubu bwoko bw'imiti yica udukoko bufite ubushobozi bwo guhitamo neza, bufite umutekano ku bantu, amatungo, imyaka, n'ibidukikije karemano, ntibugira ingaruka mbi ku banzi karemano, kandi ntibushobora kwirwanaho.
Ubushakashatsi n'iterambere ry'imiti yica udukoko bikomoka ku mikorobe bizagera ku musaruro mwiza kandi utekanye w'ibikomoka ku buhinzi, byongera agaciro k'ubukungu k'ibikomoka ku buhinzi, byagure isoko ryo kohereza mu mahanga ibikomoka ku buhinzi n'ibikomoka ku nkengero z'ubutaka byo mu Bushinwa, kandi biteze imbere inganda zirinda ibidukikije. Imiti yica udukoko ikomoka ku mikorobe, nk'imwe mu bikoresho bikenewe mu gukora ibikomoka ku buhinzi bidafite umwanda, izaba ikenewe cyane ku isoko mu gihe kizaza mu gukumira no kurwanya indwara n'udukoko bikomoka ku bimera.
Kubwibyo, gukomeza kwihutisha iterambere, iterambere ry’inganda, no guteza imbere imiti yica udukoko, kugabanya ibisigazwa by’imiti yica udukoko mu bikomoka ku buhinzi no kwanduza ibidukikije by’ubuhinzi, kugera ku rwego rurambye rwo kurwanya indwara zikomeye z’ibihingwa n’udukoko, no guhaza icyifuzo gikomeye cy’ikoranabuhanga mu buhinzi mu nganda z’ibikomoka ku buhinzi bidafite umwanda mu Bushinwa, nta kabuza bizatanga inyungu nyinshi mu mibereho myiza y’abaturage, mu bukungu no mu bidukikije.
Icyerekezo cy'iterambere:
1. Ubutaka bwo kurwanya indwara no kurwanya udukoko
Ubushakashatsi bwinshi bukwiye gukorwa ku butaka bugabanya indwara n'udukoko. Ubu butaka bufite mikorobe bukomeza kurengera bagiteri zitera indwara kurokoka ndetse n'udukoko twangiza.
2. Kurwanya ibyatsi bibi mu buryo bw'ibinyabuzima
Uburyo bwo kurwanya ibyatsi bibi mu buryo bw’ibinyabuzima ni ugukoresha inyamaswa zirya ibyatsi cyangwa udukoko duto dutera indwara mu bimera dufite ubwoko bwihariye bw’ibinyabuzima kugira ngo turwanye ubwinshi bw’ibyatsi bibi bigira ingaruka ku bukungu bw’abantu munsi y’umubare w’ibyangiza ubukungu. Ugereranyije no kurwanya ibyatsi bibi mu buryo bw’imiti, kurwanya ibyatsi bibi mu buryo bw’ibinyabuzima bifite ibyiza byo kudahumanya ibidukikije, kudangiza ibiyobyabwenge, ndetse no kugira inyungu nyinshi mu bukungu. Hari igihe guteranya neza abanzi karemano bishobora gukemura ikibazo cyo kwangiza ibyatsi burundu.
3. Udukoko twahinduwe mu buryo bw'uturemangingo
Mu myaka ya vuba aha, ubushakashatsi ku mikorobe zahinduwe mu ikoranabuhanga bwakozwe cyane, kandi bwinjiye mu cyiciro cy’ingirakamaro mbere y’ibimera byahinduwe mu ikoranabuhanga mu rwego rwo kurwanya indwara no kurwanya udukoko. Iri terambere rigaragaza ubushobozi bunini bw’ikoranabuhanga mu kunoza imiterere y’imikorobe zakozwe mu ikoranabuhanga kandi rishyiraho urufatiro rw’ubushakashatsi n’iterambere ry’ubwoko bushya bw’imiti yica udukoko.
4. Indwara zahinduwe n'uturemangingo n'ibimera birwanya udukoko
Indwara zandujwe mu jini n'ibimera birwanya udukoko byafunguye inzira nshya zo kurwanya udukoko. Mu 1985, abahanga mu bya siyansi b'Abanyamerika bashyize gene ya poroteyine y'amabara (cp) ya virusi ya mosaic y'itabi mu itabi rishobora kwangirika, maze ibimera byandujwe mu jini byongerera ubudahangarwa bwabyo kuri virusi. Ubu buryo bwo kubona ubudahangarwa bw'indwara binyuze mu kwimura gene ya CP bwaje kugerwaho neza ku bimera byinshi nka inyanya, ibirayi, soya, n'umuceri. Bigaragara ko ubu ari ubushakashatsi butanga icyizere cyane mu by'ubuhanga mu by'ibinyabuzima.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kanama-21-2023