Urushundura rwigitanda rurimo pyrethroid clofenpyr (CFP) na pyrethroid piperonyl butoxide (PBO) rutezwa imbere mubihugu byanduye kugirango barusheho kurwanya malariya yanduzwa n imibu irwanya pyrethroide.CFP ni prinsecticide isaba gukora imibu cytochrome P450 monooxygenase (P450), kandi PBO yongerera imbaraga pyrethroide muguhagarika imikorere yiyi misemburo mumibu irwanya pyrethroide.Rero, P450 kubuzwa na PBO birashobora kugabanya imikorere yinshundura za pyrethroid-CFP mugihe zikoreshwa murugo rumwe na neti ya pyrethroid-PBO.
Hakozwe ibizamini bibiri bya cockpit kugirango hasuzumwe ubwoko bubiri butandukanye bwa pyrethroid-CFP ITN (Interceptor® G2, PermaNet® Dual) yonyine kandi ifatanije na pyrethroid-PBO ITN (DuraNet® Plus, PermaNet® 3.0).Ingaruka za entomologiya zo gukoresha Pyrethroid anti-Vector abaturage bo mu majyepfo ya Bénin.Muri ubwo bushakashatsi bwombi, ubwoko bwa mesh bwageragejwe muburyo bumwe kandi bubiri.Bioassays yakozwe kandi kugirango isuzume ibiyobyabwenge by’abaturage ba vector mu kazu no kwiga imikoranire hagati ya CFP na PBO.
Abaturage ba vector bumvaga CFP ariko bagaragaje urwego rwo hejuru rwo kurwanya pyrethroide, ariko iyi myigaragambyo yatsinzwe mbere yo guhura na PBO.Impfu za Vector zaragabanutse cyane mu kazu hifashishijwe uruvange rwa pyrethroide-CFP na net ya pyrethroid-PBO ugereranije n’abahutu bakoresheje inshundura ebyiri za pyrethroid-CFP (74% kuri Interceptor® G2 na 85%, PermaNet® Dual 57% na 83% ), p <0.001).Mbere yo guhura na PBO byagabanije uburozi bwa CFP mumacupa ya bioassays, byerekana ko iyi ngaruka ishobora guterwa no kurwanya hagati ya CFP na PBO.Imfu za Vector zari nyinshi mu kazu hifashishijwe guhuza inshundura zirimo inshundura za pyrethroide-CFP ugereranije n’utuzu tutagira inshundura za pyrethroid-CFP, kandi iyo inshundura za pyrethroide-CFP zakoreshwaga wenyine nk'inshundura ebyiri.Iyo ikoreshejwe hamwe, impfu ziri hejuru (83-85%).
Ubu bushakashatsi bwerekanye ko imikorere ya mesre ya pyrethroid-CFP yagabanutse iyo ikoreshejwe ifatanije na pyrethroid-PBO ITN ugereranije no gukoresha wenyine, mu gihe imikorere ya mesh irimo mesh irimo pyrethroid-CFP yari hejuru.Ibisubizo byerekana ko gushyira imbere gukwirakwiza imiyoboro ya pyrethroid-CFP kurenza ubundi bwoko bwurusobe bizagabanya ingaruka zo kugenzura inzitizi mubihe bisa.
Urushundura ruvura udukoko (ITNs) rurimo udukoko twangiza pyrethroide twabaye intandaro yo kurwanya malariya mu myaka 20 ishize.Kuva mu 2004, inshundura zigera kuri miliyari 2,5 zivura udukoko twica udukoko twahawe Afurika yo munsi y'Ubutayu bwa Sahara [1], bituma umubare w'abaturage uryamye munsi y'inzitiramubu zivura udukoko ziva kuri 4% ugera kuri 47% [2].Ingaruka z'iri shyirwa mu bikorwa zari zikomeye.Biteganijwe ko abantu bagera kuri miliyari 2 barwaye malariya na miliyoni 6.2 bapfuye ku isi hose hagati ya 2000 na 2021, hamwe n’isesengura ry’icyitegererezo ryerekana ko inshundura zica udukoko zagize uruhare runini muri izo nyungu [2, 3].Nyamara, iri terambere riza ku giciro: kwihuta kwihindagurika rya pyrethroid irwanya malariya.Nubwo inshundura zo mu bwoko bwa pyrethroid zica udukoko zishobora gukomeza kurinda malariya ahantu usanga inzitizi zigaragaza indwara ya pyrethroide [4], ubushakashatsi bw’icyitegererezo bwerekana ko ku rwego rwo hejuru rwo kurwanya, inshundura zivura udukoko zizagabanya ingaruka z’ibyorezo [5]..Kurwanya pyrethroid rero ni kimwe mu bintu bibangamira iterambere rirambye mu kurwanya malariya.
Mu myaka mike ishize, hashyizweho igisekuru gishya cy’inzitiramubu zivura udukoko twica udukoko, zihuza pyrethroide n’imiti ya kabiri, hagamijwe kunoza uburyo bwo kurwanya malariya yanduzwa n’imibu irwanya pyrethide.Icyiciro cya mbere gishya cya ITN kirimo piperonyl butoxide ya synergiste (PBO), itanga imbaraga za pyrethroide mukutabuza imisemburo yangiza ifitanye isano no kurwanya pyrethide, cyane cyane imikorere ya cytochrome P450 monooxygenase (P450s) [6].Ibitanda bivurwa na fluprone (CFP), umuti wica udukoko twa azole hamwe nuburyo bushya bwibikorwa bigamije guhumeka selile, nabyo biherutse kuboneka.Nyuma y’imyiyerekano y’ingaruka ziterwa na entomologiya mu bigeragezo by’indege [7, 8], hakozwe urukurikirane rw’ibigeragezo byateganijwe (cRCT) kugira ngo harebwe inyungu rusange z’ubuzima rusange bw’urushundura ugereranije n’urushundura ruvura udukoko dukoresheje pyrethroide yonyine kandi rutanga u ibimenyetso nkenerwa byo kumenyesha ibyifuzo bya politiki y’umuryango w’ubuzima ku isi (OMS) [9].Hashingiwe ku bimenyetso byerekana ingaruka z’indwara zatewe na CRCTs muri Uganda [11] na Tanzaniya [12], OMS yemeje uburiri bwa pyrethroid-PBO bwica udukoko twica udukoko [10].Pyrethroid-CFP ITN nayo iherutse gusohoka nyuma yo kugereranya RCTs muri Bénin [13] na Tanzaniya [14] yerekanye ko prototype ITN (Interceptor® G2) yagabanije kwandura malariya mu bwana ku kigero cya 46% na 44%.10].].
Nyuma y’ingamba zongerewe imbaraga n’ikigega cy’isi n’abandi baterankunga bakomeye ba malariya mu rwego rwo guhangana n’udukoko twica udukoko twihutisha ishyirwaho ry’ibitanda bishya [15], pyrethroid-PBO hamwe n’ibitanda bya pyrethroid-CFP bimaze gukoreshwa mu turere tw’icyorezo.Gusimbuza udukoko twica udukoko.kuvura inshundura zo kuryama zikoresha pyrethroide gusa.Hagati ya 2019 na 2022, umubare w’inzitiramubu za PBO pyrethroid zitangwa muri Afurika yo munsi y’ubutayu bwa Sahara wiyongereye uva kuri 8% ugera kuri 51% bingana na 56% by'ibyoherejwe.Injira ku isoko rya Afurika muri 2025 [16].Nkikimenyetso cyerekana imikorere yinzitiramubu ya pyrethroide-PBO na pyrethroide-CFP ikomeje kwiyongera, biteganijwe ko inshundura zizaboneka cyane mumyaka iri imbere.Kubwibyo, harakenewe kwiyongera kuziba icyuho cyerekeranye no gukoresha neza inshundura nshya zivura udukoko twica udukoko kugirango tugere ku ngaruka nini iyo zipimishije gukoreshwa neza.
Urebye ikwirakwizwa rimwe rya pyrethroide CFP hamwe ninzitiramubu ya pyrethroid PBO, Porogaramu yigihugu ishinzwe kurwanya Malariya (NMCP) ifite ikibazo kimwe cyubushakashatsi bukora: Ese imikorere yayo izagabanuka - PBO ITN?Impamvu y'iyi mpungenge ni uko PBO ikora mu guhagarika imisemburo ya P450 [6], mu gihe CFP ari umuti wica udukoko usaba gukora binyuze muri P450 [17].Kubwibyo, biravugwa ko mugihe pyrethroid-CFP ITN na pyrethroid-CFP ITN bikoreshwa murugo rumwe, ingaruka zo kubuza PBO kuri P450 zishobora kugabanya imikorere ya pyrethroid-CFP ITN.Ubushakashatsi bwinshi bwa laboratoire bwerekanye ko mbere yo guhura na PBO bigabanya uburozi bukabije bwa CFP ku mitsi y’imibu mu buryo butaziguye bioassay [18,19,20,21,22].Ariko, mugihe ukora ubushakashatsi hagati yimiyoboro inyuranye mumurima, imikoranire hagati yiyi miti izaba ikomeye.Ubushakashatsi budashyizwe ahagaragara bwasuzumye ingaruka zo gukoresha ubwoko butandukanye bwinshyi zivura udukoko.Niyo mpamvu, ubushakashatsi bwakozwe bwerekana ingaruka zo gukoresha imiti yica udukoko twangiza pyrethroide-CFP na pyrethroid-PBO inshundura zo mu buriri mu rugo rumwe bizafasha kumenya niba ubushyamirane bushobora kuba hagati yubwoko bwurushundura butera ikibazo kandi bugafasha kumenya ingamba nziza zashyizweho. .ku turere twagabanijwe kimwe.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Nzeri-21-2023